Pereira S Ana, Valenzuela B María Teresa, Mora Judith, Vera Lilian
División de Epidemiología, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2008 Jun;136(6):725-32. Epub 2008 Aug 26.
Hepatitis B virus infection generates carriers and 8% will evolve to a chronic phase.
To perform a compilation of studies on hepatitis B in Chile and other sources of information to estimate the impact of this disease in our country.
Published and unpublished evidence about the infection, in the general population and risk groups in our country, was compiled and reviewed critically. Informal interviews with experts, revision of the mandatory notification book of the Ministry of Health and collection of data from laboratories that study hepatitis B virus, were also carried out.
The seroprevalence of chronic carriers in blood donors is nearly O.3%. Among risk groups such as health care personnel, the figure is O.7%, among homosexuals 29%, among HIV positive patients 30%, among sexual workers 2% and among children with chronic hemodialysis, 9%. Prevalence rate according to notified cases in 2004 was 1.8 x 100,000 inhabitants. Detection of viral hepatitis B surface antigen in laboratories occurs in 0.2% of donors and 1.396 of non donors.
The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus, the lack of notification, and the introduction of hepatitis B vaccine to our Regular Program of Immunizations, are arguments to develop in Chile a hepatitis B and C surveillance system.
乙肝病毒感染会产生携带者，其中8%会发展为慢性期。
对智利有关乙肝的研究及其他信息来源进行汇编，以评估该疾病在我国的影响。
收集并严格审查了我国普通人群和风险群体中已发表和未发表的有关该感染的证据。还与专家进行了非正式访谈，查阅了卫生部的法定通报簿，并收集了研究乙肝病毒的实验室的数据。
献血者中慢性携带者的血清阳性率接近0.3%。在医护人员等风险群体中，这一数字为0.7%，同性恋者中为29%，艾滋病毒阳性患者中为30%，性工作者中为2%，慢性血液透析儿童中为9%。2004年根据通报病例计算的患病率为每10万居民1.8例。实验室检测乙肝表面抗原在献血者中的发生率为0.2%，在非献血者中为1.3%。
乙肝病毒的血清阳性率、通报的缺失以及乙肝疫苗纳入我国常规免疫规划，都是在智利建立乙肝和丙肝监测系统的理由。
