Minato H
Department of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1991 Apr;95(4):354-62.
Patients with macular diseases such as x-linked juvenile retinoschisis, cone dystrophy, and age-related macular degeneration were studied regarding color vision defects. In 9 of 15 eyes of patients with x-linked juvenile retinoschisis, blue-yellow defects were demonstrated. In the older patients with this dystrophy, color vision defects were more severe than in younger ones. Fluorescein angiography revealed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy at the macular area in these older patients. Therefore, it was suggested that the color vision defects were due to dysfunction of the outer sensory retina, occurring secondarily to the inner sensory retina. In patients with cone dystrophy, all the examined eyes showed severe color vision defects. It was proved that the size of the atrophic lesion which when ophthalmoscopically evaluated was found to have some relationship with the degree of color vision defects. In patients with age-related macular degeneration, most of the examined eyes showed color vision defects. Moreover eyes with soft drusen formation and/or RPE detachment usually showed more severe color vision defects than the eyes with hard drusen formation and/or RPE atrophy.
对患有黄斑疾病（如X连锁青少年视网膜劈裂症、视锥细胞营养不良和年龄相关性黄斑变性）的患者进行了色觉缺陷方面的研究。在X连锁青少年视网膜劈裂症患者的15只眼中，有9只出现了蓝黄色缺陷。在患有这种营养不良的老年患者中，色觉缺陷比年轻患者更严重。荧光素血管造影显示，这些老年患者黄斑区存在视网膜色素上皮（RPE）萎缩。因此，有人提出色觉缺陷是由于外感觉视网膜功能障碍所致，继发于内感觉视网膜。在视锥细胞营养不良患者中，所有检查的眼睛都表现出严重的色觉缺陷。经证实，检眼镜检查评估的萎缩性病变大小与色觉缺陷程度存在一定关系。在年龄相关性黄斑变性患者中，大多数检查的眼睛都有色觉缺陷。此外，有软性玻璃膜疣形成和/或RPE脱离的眼睛通常比有硬性玻璃膜疣形成和/或RPE萎缩的眼睛表现出更严重的色觉缺陷。
