Hall Ryan C W, Hall Richard C W, Chapman Marcia J
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008 Sep-Oct;30(5):446-52. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.05.003. Epub 2008 Jul 23.
This article looks at lessons learned from the 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak and suggests how modern hospitals should apply these lessons to the next lethal viral epidemic that occurs.
The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formally Zaire) is one of the most well studied epidemics to have occurred to date. Many of the lessons learned from identifying, containing and treating that epidemic are applicable to future viral outbreaks, natural disasters and bioterrorist attacks. This is due to Ebola's highly contagious nature and high mortality rate.
When an outbreak occurs, it often produces fear in the community and causes the basic practice of medicine to be altered. Changes seen at Kikwit included limited physical examinations, hesitance to give intravenous medications and closure of supporting hospital facilities. The Kikwit Ebola outbreak also provided beneficial psychological insight into how patients, staff and the general community respond to a biological crisis and how this will affect physicians working in an epidemic.
General lessons from the outbreak include the importance of having simple, well-defined triage procedures; staff who are flexible and able to adapt to situations with unknowns; and the need to protect staff physically and emotionally to ensure a sustained effort to provide care.
本文探讨从1995年基奎特埃博拉疫情中吸取的教训，并提出现代医院应如何将这些教训应用于未来发生的致命性病毒疫情。
1995年在刚果民主共和国（前扎伊尔）发生的基奎特埃博拉疫情是迄今为止研究最为深入的疫情之一。从识别、控制和治疗该疫情中吸取的许多教训适用于未来的病毒爆发、自然灾害和生物恐怖袭击。这是由于埃博拉病毒具有高度传染性和高死亡率。
疫情爆发时，往往会在社区中引发恐慌，并导致医疗的基本操作发生改变。在基奎特看到的变化包括体格检查受限、对静脉用药犹豫不决以及关闭辅助医院设施。基奎特埃博拉疫情还为了解患者、工作人员和普通社区如何应对生物危机以及这将如何影响在疫情中工作的医生提供了有益的心理洞察。
此次疫情的总体教训包括拥有简单、明确的分诊程序的重要性；灵活且能够适应未知情况的工作人员；以及需要在身体和情感上保护工作人员，以确保持续努力提供护理。
