Sefrin P, Weidringer J W
Institute for Anaesthesiology, University of Würzburg, Germany.
J Clin Anesth. 1991 May-Jun;3(3):245-8. doi: 10.1016/0952-8180(91)90168-m.
The beginnings of organized emergency care can be traced through military history dating back to the Middle Ages. In 1769, the first civilian rescue society was established to look after shipwrecked persons. Sociological and technical requirements of the late 19th century led to the formation of different rescue associations and to writing of regulations for rescue and ambulance services. The development of quality assurance was interrupted by World War I. Around 1930, the rescue service was mostly the responsibility of the Red Cross and fire brigades but included the first actions of emergency physicians. Today the rescue service functions to bring a physician, often an anesthesiologist, to the victim as quickly as possible. Modern rescue laws fix a lead time of 5 to 15 minutes for a professional rescue service to reach the scene. The medical equipment and qualifications of personnel treating life-threatening trauma and diseases have improved, and in this context, the role of the anesthesiologist is important.
有组织的急救起源可以追溯到中世纪的军事历史。1769年，第一个民间救援协会成立，负责照料海难幸存者。19世纪后期的社会学和技术需求导致了不同救援协会的形成以及救援和救护车服务法规的制定。第一次世界大战中断了质量保证的发展。大约在1930年，救援服务主要由红十字会和消防队负责，但也包括了急救医生的首次行动。如今，救援服务的作用是尽快将一名医生，通常是麻醉医生，送到受害者身边。现代救援法律规定专业救援服务到达现场的前置时间为5至15分钟。治疗危及生命的创伤和疾病的医疗设备和人员资质都有所提高，在这种情况下，麻醉医生的作用很重要。
