Douvere Fanny, Ehler Charles N
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Paris, France.
J Environ Manage. 2009 Jan;90(1):77-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.004. Epub 2008 Sep 10.
Increased development pressures on the marine environment and the potential for multiple use conflicts, arising as a result of the current expansion of offshore wind energy, fishing and aquaculture, dredging, mineral extraction, shipping, and the need to meet international and national commitments to biodiversity conservation, have led to increased interest in sea use planning with particular emphasis on marine spatial planning. Several European countries, on their own initiative or driven by the European Union's Marine Strategy and Maritime Policy, the Bergen Declaration of the North Sea Conference, and the EU Recommendation on Integrated Coastal Zone Management, have taken global leadership in implementing marine spatial planning. Belgium, The Netherlands, and Germany in the North Sea, and the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea, have already completed preliminary sea use plans and zoning proposals for marine areas within their national jurisdictions. This paper discusses the nature and context of marine spatial planning, the international legal and policy framework, and the increasing need for marine spatial planning in Europe. In addition, the authors review briefly three marine spatial planning initiatives in the North Sea and conclude with some initial lessons learned from these experiences.
随着当前海上风能、渔业和水产养殖、疏浚、矿产开采、航运的扩张，以及为履行国际和国家生物多样性保护承诺的需求，海洋环境面临的开发压力不断增加，多重用途冲突的可能性也随之出现，这使得人们对海洋利用规划的兴趣日益浓厚，尤其侧重于海洋空间规划。一些欧洲国家主动或在欧盟海洋战略和海事政策、北海会议的卑尔根宣言以及欧盟综合沿海区管理建议的推动下，在实施海洋空间规划方面引领全球。北海的比利时、荷兰和德国，以及爱尔兰海的英国，已经完成了其国家管辖范围内海域的初步海洋利用规划和分区提案。本文讨论了海洋空间规划的性质和背景、国际法律和政策框架，以及欧洲对海洋空间规划日益增长的需求。此外，作者简要回顾了北海的三项海洋空间规划举措，并从这些经验中总结了一些初步教训。
