Coutts Ashley D M, Dodgshun Tim J
Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2007 Jul;54(7):875-86. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.03.011. Epub 2007 May 10.
A total of 150 different organisms, including one plant species and 12 animal phyla were identified from sea-chests of 42 vessels visiting or operating in New Zealand between May 2000 and November 2004. Forty-nine percent of organisms were sessile, 42% mobile adults and the remaining 9% sedentary. Decapods were the most represented group with 19 species present among 79% of vessels. Forty percent of organisms were indigenous to New Zealand, 15% introduced, 10% non-indigenous, and 35% of unknown origin. Sea-chests have the potential to (1) transfer non-indigenous organisms between countries across oceanic boundaries; and (2) disperse both indigenous and introduced organisms domestically. The occurrence of adult mobile organisms is particularly significant and indicates that sea-chests may be of greater importance than ballast water or hull fouling for dispersing certain marine species. These findings emphasise the need to assess and manage biosecurity risks for entire vessels rather than different mechanisms (i.e., ballast water, hull fouling, sea-chests, etc.) in isolation.
2000年5月至2004年11月期间，从42艘到访或在新西兰运营的船只的海水箱中，共鉴定出150种不同的生物，其中包括一个植物物种和12个动物门。49%的生物是固着性的，42%是活动的成体，其余9%是定居性的。十足目动物是占比最大的类群，79%的船只中出现了19个物种。40%的生物原产于新西兰，15%是外来引入的，10%是非本土的，35%来源不明。海水箱有可能：(1) 在不同国家之间跨越海洋边界转移非本土生物；(2) 在国内扩散本土和外来引入的生物。活动的成体生物的出现尤为重要，这表明海水箱在扩散某些海洋物种方面可能比压载水或船体污损更为重要。这些发现强调，需要评估和管理整艘船只的生物安全风险，而不是孤立地评估不同的机制（如压载水、船体污损、海水箱等）。
