Arora Parshotam Kumar, Jyot Gagan, Singh Baljeet, Battu Raminderjit Singh, Singh Balwinder, Aulakh Pushpinder Singh
P.A.U. Regional Research Station, Punjab, India.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2009 Feb;82(2):239-42. doi: 10.1007/s00128-008-9554-y. Epub 2008 Sep 12.
Residues of imidacloprid were estimated in grape leaves, grape berries and soil following four applications of Confidor 200SL at 400 and 800 mL ha(-1) using 1,000 L water. The average initial deposits of imidacloprid on grape leaves were found to be 10.01 and 16.97 mg kg(-1) at single and double dosages, respectively. These residues of imidacloprid dissipated to be the extract of 98.8% and 97.0%, respectively, at single and double dosages in 15 days, with half-life period of 2.35 and 2.97 days. Residues of imidacloprid in grape berries at harvest time were observed to below determination limit of 0.05 mg kg(-1) at single dose and 0.06 mg kg(-1) at double dose. However, acceptable daily intake (ADI) of imidacloprid is 0.06 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), which means an adult of 60 kg and a child of 10 kg can safely tolerate intake of 3,600 and 600 microg imidacloprid, respectively, without any appreciable risk to their life. Assuming consumption of 200 g grape berries contaminated at 0.06 mg kg(-1), it will lead to an intake of only 12 microg of imidacloprid, which is quite safe for a child as well as for an adult. Hence, the use of imidacloprid on grape crop seems to be toxicologically acceptable.
在使用1000升水，以400毫升/公顷和800毫升/公顷的剂量四次施用康福多200SL后，对葡萄叶、葡萄浆果和土壤中的吡虫啉残留量进行了估算。发现单次和双次剂量下，吡虫啉在葡萄叶上的平均初始沉积量分别为10.01毫克/千克和16.97毫克/千克。这些吡虫啉残留量在15天内分别在单次和双次剂量下消散至提取物的98.8%和97.0%，半衰期分别为2.35天和2.97天。收获时葡萄浆果中的吡虫啉残留量在单次剂量下低于0.05毫克/千克的测定限，在双次剂量下低于0.06毫克/千克的测定限。然而，吡虫啉的每日允许摄入量（ADI）为0.06毫克/千克体重·天，这意味着一名60千克的成年人和一名10千克的儿童分别可以安全耐受摄入3600微克和600微克的吡虫啉，而不会对他们的生命造成任何明显风险。假设食用200克受污染程度为0.06毫克/千克的葡萄浆果，只会导致摄入12微克的吡虫啉，这对儿童和成年人来说都是相当安全的。因此，在葡萄作物上使用吡虫啉在毒理学上似乎是可以接受的。
