Weaver Chelsea M, Shaw Daniel S, Dishion Thomas J, Wilson Melvin N
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 1560, USA.
Infant Behav Dev. 2008 Dec;31(4):594-605. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2008.07.006. Epub 2008 Sep 11.
Parenting self-efficacy (PSE) has been positively linked to children's adjustment and negatively associated with maternal depression. However, most PSE research has been cross-sectional, limited to predominantly white, middle-class samples, and has not examined potential mechanisms underlying associations of PSE with children's behavior. The present study investigates: (1) how PSE changes over time, (2) the relationship between age 2 PSE and children's behavior problems 2 years later, and (3) the potential mediating role of maternal depression in relation to the association between PSE and child problem behavior. Participants are 652 ethnically and geographically diverse mothers and their children, at high risk for conduct problems. PSE increased between ages 2 and 4 and higher initial levels predicted lower caregiver-reported age 4 conduct problems after controlling for problem behavior at age 2. The relationship between PSE and later conduct problems was mediated, however, by maternal depression. These findings suggest maternal depression as a potential disruptor of caregiver confidence in early childhood, which has implications for the design and focus of parenting interventions.
育儿自我效能感（PSE）与孩子的适应能力呈正相关，与母亲的抑郁呈负相关。然而，大多数关于PSE的研究都是横断面研究，主要局限于白人中产阶级样本，且未探讨PSE与孩子行为之间关联的潜在机制。本研究调查：（1）PSE如何随时间变化；（2）2岁时的PSE与两年后孩子的行为问题之间的关系；（3）母亲抑郁在PSE与孩子问题行为关联中可能起到的中介作用。研究参与者为652名来自不同种族和地域、有品行问题高风险的母亲及其孩子。在控制了2岁时的问题行为后，PSE在2岁至4岁之间有所增加，且较高的初始水平预示着4岁时照顾者报告的品行问题较少。然而，PSE与后期品行问题之间的关系是由母亲的抑郁介导的。这些发现表明，母亲的抑郁可能是幼儿期照顾者信心的潜在干扰因素，这对育儿干预措施的设计和重点具有启示意义。
