Christie Daniel J, Tint Barbara S, Wagner Richard V, Winter Deborah DuNann
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Marion, Ohio, USA.
Am Psychol. 2008 Sep;63(6):540-52. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.540.
Although the literature in peace psychology has been growing rapidly, many American psychologists are unaware of how conflict is resolved and peace is conceptualized and achieved. This article reviews the long history and broadening scope of peace psychology and introduces a model of peace that is useful for organizing the literature. The model suggests that peace can be facilitated at four different points of intervention. The authors discuss relationships between positive and negative peace, structural and direct violence, and peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding. They advance some challenges for peace psychologists and conclude that peace psychology is a crucial field for grappling with humanity's most pressing problems in the coming decades.
尽管和平心理学领域的文献一直在迅速增长，但许多美国心理学家并不了解冲突是如何解决的，以及和平是如何被概念化和实现的。本文回顾了和平心理学的悠久历史和不断扩大的研究范围，并介绍了一个有助于梳理相关文献的和平模型。该模型表明，在四个不同的干预点上可以促进和平。作者们讨论了积极和平与消极和平、结构性暴力与直接暴力之间的关系，以及维和、缔造和平与建设和平之间的关系。他们提出了和平心理学家面临的一些挑战，并得出结论，和平心理学是应对未来几十年人类最紧迫问题的关键领域。
