David D, Dveres N, Yakobson B A, Davidson I
Rabies Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel.
Epidemiol Infect. 2009 Apr;137(4):544-8. doi: 10.1017/S0950268808001180. Epub 2008 Sep 16.
Between 1979 and 2000, foxes constituted the main reservoir of rabies in the Northern regions of Israel. Following the implementation of the fox-targeted oral vaccination programme (ORV) in 1998, rabies was eradicated from this area. Subsequently during 2004-2007, the biological and molecular characterization of the rabies isolates showed that stray dogs emerged as the main animal reservoir in Northern Israel while lower numbers of cases were reported in domestic animals. The virus isolates from foxes and dogs differed, in their molecular characterization, suggesting two distinct separate lineages. The transition from fox-mediated rabies to dog-mediated rabies is of great concern to public health because of the close contact between dogs and the human population.
1979年至2000年间，狐狸是以色列北部地区狂犬病的主要宿主。1998年实施针对狐狸的口服疫苗接种计划（ORV）后，该地区狂犬病被根除。随后在2004年至2007年期间，狂犬病分离株的生物学和分子特征表明，流浪狗成为以色列北部主要的动物宿主，而家畜中报告的病例数量较少。狐狸和狗的病毒分离株在分子特征上有所不同，表明存在两个不同的独立谱系。由于狗与人类密切接触，从狐狸传播的狂犬病向狗传播的狂犬病的转变引起了公共卫生的极大关注。
