Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta, Weiss Mitchell G, Ring Mariann, Hepp Urs, Bopp Matthias, Gutzwiller Felix, Rössler Wulf
Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Bull World Health Organ. 2008 Sep;86(9):726-32. doi: 10.2471/blt.07.043489.
Accurate information about preferred suicide methods is important for devising strategies and programmes for suicide prevention. Our knowledge of the methods used and their variation across countries and world regions is still limited. The aim of this study was to provide the first comprehensive overview of international patterns of suicide methods.
Data encoded according to the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) were derived from the WHO mortality database. The classification was used to differentiate suicide methods. Correspondence analysis was used to identify typical patterns of suicide methods in different countries by providing a summary of cross-tabulated data.
Poisoning by pesticide was common in many Asian countries and in Latin America; poisoning by drugs was common in both Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. Hanging was the preferred method of suicide in eastern Europe, as was firearm suicide in the United States and jumping from a high place in cities and urban societies such as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Correspondence analysis demonstrated a polarization between pesticide suicide and firearm suicide at the expense of traditional methods, such as hanging and jumping from a high place, which lay in between.
This analysis showed that pesticide suicide and firearm suicide replaced traditional methods in many countries. The observed suicide pattern depended upon the availability of the methods used, in particular the availability of technical means. The present evidence indicates that restricting access to the means of suicide is more urgent and more technically feasible than ever.
获取有关首选自杀方法的准确信息对于制定自杀预防策略和计划至关重要。我们对所使用的方法及其在不同国家和世界区域的差异的了解仍然有限。本研究的目的是首次全面概述自杀方法的国际模式。
根据《国际疾病分类》（第10版）编码的数据来自世界卫生组织死亡率数据库。该分类用于区分自杀方法。对应分析用于通过汇总交叉列表数据来识别不同国家自杀方法的典型模式。
在许多亚洲国家和拉丁美洲，农药中毒是常见的自杀方式；在北欧国家和英国，药物中毒很常见。在东欧，上吊是首选的自杀方式，在美国，枪击自杀是首选方式，在中国香港特别行政区等城市和都市社会，从高处跳下是首选方式。对应分析表明，农药自杀和枪击自杀之间存在两极分化，而传统方式如上吊和从高处跳下则处于两者之间。
该分析表明，在许多国家，农药自杀和枪击自杀取代了传统方式。观察到的自杀模式取决于所使用方法的可得性，特别是技术手段的可得性。目前的证据表明，限制自杀手段的获取比以往任何时候都更加紧迫且在技术上更可行。
