Mirdita V, Dhillon B S, Geiger H H, Miedaner T
State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
Theor Appl Genet. 2008 Dec;118(1):85-90. doi: 10.1007/s00122-008-0878-0. Epub 2008 Sep 17.
Ergot (Claviceps purpurea [Fr.] Tul.) is a serious disease of rye (Secale cereale L.) and it adversely affects the quality of grain. The present investigation was undertaken to study genotypic variability among full-sib families (FSF) of five open-pollinated (OP) winter rye populations of highly diverse origin, namely Dankovskie Selekcyine (Poland), Charkovskaja (Ukraine), NEM4 (Russia), Halo and Carokurz, both from Germany. About 50 FSF were developed at random in each population, and the FSF of each population were evaluated in separate but adjacent experiments conducted in four environments under artificial inoculation. A mixture of conidia of C. purpurea isolates was sprayed thrice during the flowering period. The materials were manually harvested at yellow-ripe stage. Resistance trait recorded was disease severity, i.e. percent ergot sclerotia in grain by weight. Mean ergot severity ranged from 2.29 to 4.08% for the five populations across environments. Significant genotypic variation (P < 0.01) due to FSF and FSF x environment interaction was observed within each population. Genotypic variation within all populations was higher than that among five populations. All populations showed high estimates of heritability (0.72-0.89). The study indicated that the evaluated OP populations are rich reservoirs of genetic variation that should also be used in hybrid breeding. Recurrent selection to further improve ergot resistance should be successful.
麦角病（麦角菌[Fr.] Tul.）是黑麦（黑麦草L.）的一种严重病害，会对谷物品质产生不利影响。本研究旨在研究五个来源高度多样的开放授粉（OP）冬黑麦群体的全同胞家系（FSF）之间的基因型变异，这五个群体分别是来自波兰的丹科夫斯基选育品种、来自乌克兰的哈尔科夫斯卡娅、来自俄罗斯的NEM4以及来自德国的哈洛和卡罗库尔兹。每个群体随机培育了约50个FSF，并在人工接种的四个环境中分别但相邻的实验中对每个群体的FSF进行评估。在开花期分三次喷洒麦角菌分离株的分生孢子混合物。材料在黄熟期人工收获。记录的抗性性状为病情严重程度，即谷物中麦角菌核的重量百分比。五个群体在不同环境下的平均麦角病严重程度在2.29%至4.08%之间。在每个群体中均观察到由于FSF和FSF×环境相互作用导致的显著基因型变异（P<0.01）。所有群体内的基因型变异高于五个群体之间的变异。所有群体的遗传力估计值都很高（0.72 - 0.89）。该研究表明，所评估的OP群体是丰富的遗传变异库，也应用于杂交育种。通过轮回选择进一步提高麦角病抗性应该会取得成功。
