Weber Elke U, Johnson Eric J
Center for the Decision Sciences (CDS), Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2009;60:53-85. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163633.
A full range of psychological processes has been put into play to explain judgment and choice phenomena. Complementing work on attention, information integration, and learning, decision research over the past 10 years has also examined the effects of goals, mental representation, and memory processes. In addition to deliberative processes, automatic processes have gotten closer attention, and the emotions revolution has put affective processes on a footing equal to cognitive ones. Psychological process models provide natural predictions about individual differences and lifespan changes and integrate across judgment and decision making (JDM) phenomena. "Mindful" JDM research leverages our knowledge about psychological processes into causal explanations for important judgment and choice regularities, emphasizing the adaptive use of an abundance of processing alternatives. Such explanations supplement and support existing mathematical descriptions of phenomena such as loss aversion or hyperbolic discounting. Unlike such descriptions, they also provide entry points for interventions designed to help people overcome judgments or choices considered undesirable.
人们运用了一系列心理过程来解释判断和选择现象。在对注意力、信息整合和学习进行研究的同时，过去十年的决策研究还考察了目标、心理表征和记忆过程的影响。除了深思熟虑的过程，自动过程也受到了更多关注，而“情感革命”使情感过程与认知过程处于同等地位。心理过程模型对个体差异和生命周期变化做出了自然的预测，并整合了各种判断和决策（JDM）现象。“有意识的”JDM研究利用我们对心理过程的了解，对重要的判断和选择规律做出因果解释，强调对大量加工方式的适应性运用。此类解释补充并支持了诸如损失厌恶或双曲线贴现等现象的现有数学描述。与这些描述不同的是，它们还为旨在帮助人们克服被认为不理想的判断或选择的干预措施提供了切入点。
