Strano A J
Pathol Annu. 1976;11:53-75.
A significant number of viruses produce intracellular changes, inclusion bodies, which do have specific and consistent features important to their identification. The inclusions must fulfill the designated criteria for the specific virus or a member of that group. The specific features of viral inclusions are consistent fixative-dependent artifacts: uniformity and familiarity of staining quality are important to the consistency of recognition and identification. Bouin's or Zenker's-acetic acid are the fixatives of choice, and a well-done hematoxylin and eosin stain offers the greatest uniformity of quality. Viral inclusions are not static objects in a cell and recognition of the range of development is often more important than the appearance of a single inclusion. Generally, most viruses within a group cause identical intracellular reactions and produce similar inclusion bodies, thus permitting the pathologist an accurate prediction of the etiologic agent in clinically undiagnosed or unsuspected viral disease. By correlating viral inclusion identification, clinical history, and physical findings the anatomic pathologist can make the diagnosis of many viral diseases rapidly, inexpensively, and with a high degree of accuracy when compared to the complex, expensive, and time consuming procedures of animal inoculation, tissue culture, or serology.
大量病毒会引起细胞内变化，即包涵体，这些包涵体确实具有对其识别很重要的特定且一致的特征。这些包涵体必须符合特定病毒或该病毒组中某一成员的指定标准。病毒包涵体的特定特征是与固定剂相关的一致假象：染色质量的均匀性和熟悉度对于识别和鉴定的一致性很重要。Bouin氏液或Zenker氏醋酸液是首选的固定剂，制作精良的苏木精和伊红染色能提供最大程度的质量均匀性。病毒包涵体在细胞内不是静态物体，识别其发育范围通常比单个包涵体的外观更重要。一般来说，一组中的大多数病毒会引起相同的细胞内反应并产生相似的包涵体，从而使病理学家能够在临床未诊断或未怀疑的病毒性疾病中准确预测病原体。通过将病毒包涵体识别、临床病史和体格检查结果相关联，与动物接种、组织培养或血清学等复杂、昂贵且耗时的程序相比，解剖病理学家可以快速、廉价且高度准确地诊断许多病毒性疾病。
