Catanzaro S J
Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal 61761.
J Pers. 1991 Jun;59(2):243-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00775.x.
In this study I tested hypotheses about changes in expectancy and minimal goal statements and the relations of these variables to adjustment. Seventy-seven male college students completed the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank and the Beck Depression Inventory and subsequently received success or failure feedback on tasks for which they provided expectancy and minimal goal statements. Expectancies and minimal goals changed differently, relative to each other, as a function of performance feedback. Modest relations of adjustment and dysphoria with minimal goals were found, but these were moderated by performance feedback: Under failure, poorer adjustment and greater dysphoria were associated with higher minimal goals; under success, poorer adjustment and greater dysphoria were associated with lower minimal goals, contrary to a widely held hypothesis. Moreover, although the effects of adjustment and dysphoria on minimal goal setting were similar in strength and direction, these effects were independent of each other. Thus, adjustment-minimal goal relations must be understood in light of situational parameters and may reflect two processes, only one of which is related to mood.
在本研究中，我检验了关于期望和最低目标陈述的变化以及这些变量与适应之间关系的假设。77名男性大学生完成了罗特未完成句子填空和贝克抑郁量表，随后在他们提供了期望和最低目标陈述的任务上收到成功或失败的反馈。期望和最低目标作为表现反馈的函数，彼此之间的变化方式不同。发现适应和烦躁与最低目标之间存在适度的关系，但这些关系受到表现反馈的调节：在失败情况下，较差的适应和更大的烦躁与更高的最低目标相关；在成功情况下，较差的适应和更大的烦躁与更低的最低目标相关，这与一个广泛持有的假设相反。此外，尽管适应和烦躁对最低目标设定的影响在强度和方向上相似，但这些影响是相互独立的。因此，必须根据情境参数来理解适应与最低目标的关系，这可能反映了两个过程，其中只有一个与情绪有关。
