Whisman M A, Kwon P
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 Nov;65(5):1054-60. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.65.5.1054.
This study evaluated the hypotheses that the relation between life stress (life events and daily hassles) and longitudinal change in dysphoria would be (a) moderated by self-esteem and (b) mediated by longitudinal change in hopelessness. Eighty undergraduates were first assessed on self-esteem, hopelessness, and dysphoria and then reassessed 3 months later on life events, daily hassles, hopelessness, and dysphoria. Residual change in dysphoria was significantly associated with self-esteem, life stress, and a Self-Esteem X Life Stress interaction. However, inconsonant with predictions, the moderating impact of self-esteem was greatest under conditions of low (vs. high) life stress. Moreover, residual change in hopelessness mediated the relations between residual change in dysphoria and both self-esteem and life stress.
生活压力（生活事件和日常烦恼）与烦躁情绪的纵向变化之间的关系将（a）受到自尊的调节，以及（b）由绝望感的纵向变化介导。80名本科生首先接受了自尊、绝望感和烦躁情绪的评估，然后在3个月后再次接受生活事件、日常烦恼、绝望感和烦躁情绪的评估。烦躁情绪的残余变化与自尊、生活压力以及自尊×生活压力的交互作用显著相关。然而，与预测不一致的是，自尊的调节作用在低生活压力（而非高生活压力）条件下最为显著。此外，绝望感的残余变化介导了烦躁情绪的残余变化与自尊和生活压力之间的关系。
