Beer Jennifer S, Stallen Mirre, Lombardo Michael V, Gonsalkorale Karen, Cunningham William A, Sherman Jeffrey W
Department of Psychology, #A8000 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Neuroimage. 2008 Dec;43(4):775-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.08.033. Epub 2008 Sep 6.
In order to investigate the systems underlying the automatic and controlled processes that support social attitudes, we conducted an fMRI study that combined an implicit measure of race attitudes with the Quadruple Process model (Quad model). A number of previous neural investigations have adopted the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to examine the automatic processes that contribute to social attitudes. Application of the Quad model builds on this previous research by permitting measures of distinct automatic and controlled processes that contribute to performance on the IAT. The present research found that prejudiced attitudes of ingroup favoritism were associated with amygdala, medial and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast, prejudiced attitudes of outgroup negativity were associated with caudate and left lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Frontal regions found in previous neural research on the IAT, such as anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and operculum were associated with detecting appropriate responses in situations in which they conflict with automatic associations. Insula activity was associated with attitudes towards ingroup and outgroup members, as well as detecting appropriate behavior.
为了探究支持社会态度的自动和受控过程背后的系统，我们进行了一项功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，该研究将种族态度的隐性测量与四重过程模型（Quad模型）相结合。此前的一些神经学研究采用了内隐联想测验（IAT）来检验影响社会态度的自动过程。Quad模型的应用建立在先前研究的基础上，它允许对有助于IAT表现的不同自动和受控过程进行测量。本研究发现，内群体偏袒的偏见态度与杏仁核、内侧和右侧眶额皮质有关。相比之下，外群体消极的偏见态度与尾状核和左侧眶额皮质有关。先前关于IAT的神经学研究中发现的额叶区域，如前扣带回、背外侧前额叶皮质和脑岛盖，与在与自动联想冲突的情况下检测适当反应有关。脑岛活动与对内群体和外群体成员的态度以及检测适当行为有关。
