Tayeb Hamsa T, Dela Cruz Damian M, Al-Qahtani Ahmed, Al-Ahdal Mohammed N, Carter Michael J
Molecular Virology and Infectious Diseases Section, Biological and Medical Research Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Med Virol. 2008 Nov;80(11):1919-29. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21291.
Between September 1st, 2002 and August 31st, 2003, a panel of 1,000 stool samples was collected from patients presenting with diarrhea in the three major urban centers of Saudi Arabia; Riyadh, Mecca, and Jeddah. Each sample was tested for rotavirus, and astrovirus by ELISA, G and P type was determined for all rotaviruses. Adenoviruses were sought by hexon-specific PCR and identified by RFLP. A subset of 253 samples was also tested for norovirus by ELISA. Data were analyzed for seasonality of infection, patient nationality and likelihood of hospitalization. Although the overall incidence of rotavirus identification in acute diarrheal stool continued to decline, this was still the virus identified most commonly (6%). Norovirus accounted for 3.5%, astrovirus, 1.9% and adenovirus, 1.4%. Type G9 rotavirus was found to be present (and already common) in 2003, predating its first reported identification in the country in 2004. Most of the virus infections (and most of the G9 detections) occurred in April, the month following the occurrence of the Hajj in the study year. Although most viruses were spread equally in the population, rotaviruses were significantly more common in non-Saudis than in Saudi citizens. Overall the data are consistent with an increase in all virus infections following al Hajj and the potential introduction of novel strains (such as the G9 rotaviruses) by pilgrims. Hospitalization was significantly associated only with norovirus infections.
2002年9月1日至2003年8月31日期间，从沙特阿拉伯的三个主要城市中心利雅得、麦加和吉达出现腹泻症状的患者中收集了一组1000份粪便样本。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对每份样本进行轮状病毒和星状病毒检测，确定所有轮状病毒的G型和P型。通过六邻体特异性聚合酶链反应（PCR）寻找腺病毒，并通过限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）进行鉴定。还通过ELISA对253份样本的子集进行了诺如病毒检测。分析了感染的季节性、患者国籍和住院可能性的数据。尽管急性腹泻粪便中轮状病毒鉴定的总体发病率持续下降，但它仍是最常鉴定出的病毒（6%）。诺如病毒占3.5%，星状病毒占1.9%，腺病毒占1.4%。发现G9型轮状病毒在2003年就已存在（且已很常见），早于2004年该国首次报告的鉴定时间。大多数病毒感染（以及大多数G9检测）发生在4月，即研究年份朝觐发生后的那个月。尽管大多数病毒在人群中传播情况相同，但轮状病毒在非沙特人中比在沙特公民中更常见。总体而言，数据表明朝觐后所有病毒感染有所增加，并且朝圣者可能引入了新菌株（如G9型轮状病毒）。住院仅与诺如病毒感染显著相关。
