Graczyk T K, Conn D B
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Environmental Health Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Parasite. 2008 Sep;15(3):458-62. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2008153458.
Molecular methods are useful for both to monitor anthropogenic viral, bacterial, and protozoan enteropathogens, and to track pathogen specific markers in a complex environment in order to reveal sources of these pathogens. Molecular genetic markers for fecal viruses, bacteria, and protozoans hold promise for monitoring environmental pollution and water quality. The demand for microbiologically safe waters grows exponentially due to the global demographic rise of the human population. Economically important shellfish, such as oysters, which are harvested commercially and preferentially consumed raw can be of public health importance if contaminated with human waterborne pathogens. However, feral molluscan shellfish which do not have an apparent economic value serve as indicators in monitoring aquatic environments for pollution with human waterborne pathogens and for sanitary assessment of water quality. Current technology allows for multiplexed species-specific identification, genotyping, enumeration, viability assessment, and source-tracking of human enteropathogens which considerably enhances the pathogen source-tracking efforts.
分子方法对于监测人为的病毒、细菌和原生动物肠道病原体以及追踪复杂环境中的病原体特异性标志物以揭示这些病原体的来源都很有用。粪便病毒、细菌和原生动物的分子遗传标志物有望用于监测环境污染和水质。由于全球人口的增长，对微生物安全水的需求呈指数级增长。经济上重要的贝类，如牡蛎，它们被商业捕捞并优先生食，如果被人类水源性病原体污染，可能具有公共卫生重要性。然而，没有明显经济价值的野生软体动物贝类可作为监测水生环境中人类水源性病原体污染和水质卫生评估的指标。当前技术允许对人类肠道病原体进行多重物种特异性鉴定、基因分型、计数、活力评估和来源追踪，这大大加强了病原体来源追踪工作。
