Arriero E, Møller A P
Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive, CNRS, UMR 7103, Paris, France.
J Evol Biol. 2008 Nov;21(6):1504-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01613.x. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Identifying host traits associated with the number of different parasite species or strains harboured by a particular host species can have important implications for understanding the impact of parasitism on hosts. We investigated associations between host ecology and life history, and parasite richness and prevalence of the four major avian blood parasite genera. We used an extensive data on blood parasite infections and host ecology in 263 bird species from the Western Palearctic, combining species-specific data with a comparative approach to control for similarity in phenotype among host species due to the effects of common phylogenetic descent. Adult survival rate negatively correlated with the number of parasite species infecting a host species when controlling for similarity due to common descent and body mass. In addition, the prevalence of Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon was higher in species harbouring a richer parasite assemblage. These results suggest that the impact on host fitness caused by avian haematozoa may be underestimated in natural populations if the exacerbated virulence associated with exposure to multiple parasites is not taken into account.
识别与特定宿主物种所携带的不同寄生虫物种或菌株数量相关的宿主特征，对于理解寄生现象对宿主的影响可能具有重要意义。我们研究了宿主生态学和生活史与四大鸟类血液寄生虫属的寄生虫丰富度和流行率之间的关联。我们使用了来自西古北区263种鸟类的关于血液寄生虫感染和宿主生态学的广泛数据，将物种特异性数据与比较方法相结合，以控制由于共同系统发育血统的影响而导致的宿主物种之间表型的相似性。在控制了由于共同血统和体重导致的相似性后，成年存活率与感染宿主物种的寄生虫物种数量呈负相关。此外，在寄生虫组合更丰富的物种中，疟原虫属、疟原虫属和白细胞虫属的流行率更高。这些结果表明，如果不考虑与接触多种寄生虫相关的毒力加剧情况，那么在自然种群中，禽血孢子虫对宿主适应性的影响可能被低估。
