Schmidt P
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1976 Dec 24;88(24):816-9.
Regular bacteriological control examinations of the dialysate may contribue to the elimination of pyrogenic and even septic reactions. Regular checks of HBS-Ag and HBS-Ab are an effective measure in the early diagnosis of hepatitis B, which is characteristically anicteric and follows a prolonged course in patients on regular dialysis treatment (RDT). Virological examinations can be helpful in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in certain cases of unexplained fever. Regular bacteriological examination of the urine is important in the detection of a urinary tract infection possibly necessitating binephrectomy prior to transplantation. After renal transplantation bacteriological control examinations of the urine, determinations of HBS-Ag and HBS-Ab, complement-binding reactions to CMV and mycotic cultures from the throat, sputum and urine should be regularly performed. Urinary tract infections may be found in up to 88% of the transplanted patients. Hepatits-B infection was noted in 62.8% of this case material. Positive Candida albicans cultures from samples of the uurine usually indicate systemic Candida albicans infection. The described diagnostic measures contribute to an effective prophylaxis and therapy of infective complications in patients on RDT and after renal transplantation.
对透析液进行定期细菌学控制检查有助于消除致热反应甚至败血症反应。定期检查乙肝表面抗原（HBS - Ag）和乙肝表面抗体（HBS - Ab）是早期诊断乙型肝炎的有效措施，对于接受常规透析治疗（RDT）的患者，乙型肝炎通常无黄疸表现且病程较长。在某些不明原因发热的病例中，病毒学检查有助于诊断巨细胞病毒（CMV）疾病。对尿液进行定期细菌学检查对于检测可能需要在移植前进行双侧肾切除术的尿路感染很重要。肾移植后，应定期对尿液进行细菌学控制检查，测定HBS - Ag和HBS - Ab，进行针对CMV的补体结合反应以及对咽喉、痰液和尿液进行真菌培养。高达88%的移植患者可能会出现尿路感染。在该病例材料中，62.8%的患者存在乙肝感染。尿液样本中白色念珠菌培养阳性通常表明全身性白色念珠菌感染。所述诊断措施有助于对接受RDT的患者以及肾移植后的患者进行有效的感染并发症预防和治疗。
