Varraso R, Kauffmann F, Leynaert B, Le Moual N, Boutron-Ruault M C, Clavel-Chapelon F, Romieu I
INSERM, U780, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Villejuif, France.
Eur Respir J. 2009 Jan;33(1):33-41. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00130807. Epub 2008 Oct 1.
The aim of the present study was to determine dietary patterns and investigate their association with asthma incidence, current asthma and frequent asthma exacerbations. Dietary habits and asthma data were collected from the large E3N study (of French females, mostly teachers). Of the 54,672 females followed-up in 2003, 2,634 reported ever-adulthood asthma, 1,063 reported current asthma, 206 reported frequent asthma attacks (one or more a week), and 628 reported asthma onset between 1993 and 2003. Using principal component analysis, three dietary patterns were identified: the "prudent" pattern (fruits and vegetables); the "Western" pattern (pizza/salty pies, dessert and cured meats); and the "nuts and wine" pattern. Pattern scores were categorised into tertiles, and the incidence and prevalence of asthma was compared between tertiles. After adjustment for confounders, no association of dietary patterns was observed with asthma incidence, ever-asthma or current asthma. The Western pattern was associated with an increased risk of reporting frequent asthma attacks (highest versus lowest tertile odds ratio (OR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-3.73). Increasing scores of the nuts and wine pattern were associated with a decreased risk of reporting frequent asthma attacks (highest versus lowest tertile OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.31-0.96). The results of the present study suggest that overall diet could be involved in frequent asthma exacerbations, one aspect of asthma severity.
本研究的目的是确定饮食模式，并调查它们与哮喘发病率、现患哮喘及频繁哮喘发作之间的关联。饮食习惯和哮喘数据来自大型E3N研究（针对法国女性，大多为教师）。在2003年接受随访的54672名女性中，2634人报告曾患成年期哮喘，1063人报告现患哮喘，206人报告频繁哮喘发作（每周一次或更多次），628人报告哮喘发病于1993年至2003年之间。采用主成分分析法，确定了三种饮食模式：“谨慎”模式（水果和蔬菜）；“西方”模式（披萨/咸味派、甜点和腌制肉类）；以及“坚果和葡萄酒”模式。将模式得分分为三个三分位数组，并比较三分位数组之间哮喘的发病率和患病率。在对混杂因素进行调整后，未观察到饮食模式与哮喘发病率、曾患哮喘或现患哮喘之间存在关联。“西方”模式与报告频繁哮喘发作的风险增加相关（最高三分位数组与最低三分位数组相比，优势比（OR）为1.79，95%置信区间（CI）为1.11 - 3.73）。“坚果和葡萄酒”模式得分增加与报告频繁哮喘发作的风险降低相关（最高三分位数组与最低三分位数组相比，OR为0.65，95%CI为0.31 - 0.96）。本研究结果表明，总体饮食可能与频繁哮喘发作有关，而频繁哮喘发作是哮喘严重程度的一个方面。
