Sørensen Anne Louise, Hoffmeister Karin M, Wandall Hans H
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2008 Nov;15(6):606-11. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e328313e3bd.
Platelet products are currently stored at room temperature, because refrigeration causes their rapid clearance from the circulation upon transfusion. Glycans have recently been emphasized as important determinants for the clearance of refrigerated platelets. The present review addresses the current knowledge of platelet glycans and the potential of glycosylation for improving platelet storage.
Removal of refrigerated platelets from the circulation is partly mediated by recognition of clustered beta-N-acetylglucosamine on platelet surface glycoproteins by the alphaMbeta2 hepatic lectin receptor. Capping the exposed beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues by enzymatic galactosylation restored the circulation of short-term chilled murine platelets, introducing a novel method that allows for cold storage of platelet. Recent studies have, however, shown that galactosylation is not sufficient to restore circulation of long-term refrigerated platelets. Additional data indicate that differential carbohydrate-mediated mechanisms may exist for clearance of short-term and long-term cold-stored platelets.
Room temperature storage of platelet products increases the risk of transfusion-mediated sepsis and accelerates platelet deterioration, limiting platelet shelf life. Recent evidence suggests that glycoengineering of platelets might allow for their cold storage, significantly improving the quality of platelet products.
血小板制品目前在室温下储存，因为冷藏会导致其在输血后迅速从循环中清除。聚糖最近被强调为冷藏血小板清除的重要决定因素。本综述阐述了目前关于血小板聚糖的知识以及糖基化在改善血小板储存方面的潜力。
冷藏血小板从循环中清除部分是由αMβ2肝凝集素受体识别血小板表面糖蛋白上聚集的β-N-乙酰葡糖胺介导的。通过酶促半乳糖基化封闭暴露的β-N-乙酰葡糖胺残基可恢复短期冷藏小鼠血小板的循环，引入了一种允许血小板冷藏的新方法。然而，最近的研究表明，半乳糖基化不足以恢复长期冷藏血小板的循环。其他数据表明，短期和长期冷藏血小板的清除可能存在不同的碳水化合物介导机制。
血小板制品在室温下储存会增加输血介导的败血症风险并加速血小板恶化，限制了血小板的保质期。最近的证据表明，血小板的糖基工程可能允许其冷藏，显著提高血小板制品的质量。
