Getz Todd M
American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA.
Transfus Apher Sci. 2019 Feb;58(1):12-15. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.12.011. Epub 2018 Dec 30.
Platelet transfusions are a life-saving medical intervention used for the treatment of thrombocytopenia or hemorrhage. Extensive research has gone into trying to understand how to store platelets prior to the transfusion event. Much has been learned about storage bag materials, synthetic solutions, and how temperature impacts platelet viability and function. While room temperature storage of platelets preserves 24-hour in vivo platelet recovery and survival there is a greater risk for bacterial growth. Therefore, cold storage of platelets has become attractive due to the reduction in potential bacterial proliferation and the maintenance of platelet function beyond 5 days of storage. Cold stored platelets, however, have their own set of challenges. Cold stored platelets become activated through several mechanisms. The morphological and molecular changes that occur due to cold exposure enhance their ability to participate in the hemostatic process at the cost of rapid clearance from circulation. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms leading to cold platelet activation and the receptor modifications involved in platelet clearance.
血小板输注是一种用于治疗血小板减少症或出血的挽救生命的医学干预措施。为了了解如何在输血前储存血小板，人们进行了广泛的研究。关于储存袋材料、合成溶液以及温度如何影响血小板的活力和功能，人们已经了解了很多。虽然在室温下储存血小板可保持24小时的体内血小板回收率和存活率，但细菌生长的风险更大。因此，由于潜在细菌增殖的减少以及储存超过5天的血小板功能的维持，血小板的冷藏变得具有吸引力。然而，冷藏血小板也有其自身的一系列挑战。冷藏血小板通过多种机制被激活。由于冷暴露而发生的形态和分子变化增强了它们参与止血过程的能力，但代价是从循环中快速清除。本综述重点关注导致冷血小板激活的潜在机制以及参与血小板清除的受体修饰。
