Stillerman Karen Perry, Mattison Donald R, Giudice Linda C, Woodruff Tracey J
Physicians for Social Responsibility.
Reprod Sci. 2008 Sep;15(7):631-50. doi: 10.1177/1933719108322436.
To better understand the science linking environmental contaminants exposures with adverse pregnancy outcomes, we reviewed the relevant epidemiologic literature. We searched PubMed (primarily 1995-2006) using the key word combinations for select environmental exposures and pregnancy outcomes. Environmental tobacco smoke is a risk factor for reduced birth weight and preterm delivery. Outdoor air pollution is associated with reduced term birth weight and preterm delivery. Suggestive evidence associates pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls with decreased fetal growth and length of gestation. Stronger evidence, primarily occupational, links certain birth defects with exposure to organic solvents and chlorophenoxy herbicides. Evidence suggests dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and bisphenol-A could be associated with pregnancy loss. Exposures in utero can also increase the risk of developmental delays (ie, impaired neurological function), adult chronic illnesses (ie, heart disease, diabetes, cancer), and next generation effects (ie, reduced reproductive capacity). Further research, education, and improved public health policy are needed to reduce potentially adverse exposures.
为了更好地理解将环境污染物暴露与不良妊娠结局联系起来的科学依据，我们查阅了相关的流行病学文献。我们使用选定的环境暴露和妊娠结局的关键词组合在PubMed（主要为1995 - 2006年）上进行了检索。环境烟草烟雾是出生体重降低和早产的一个风险因素。室外空气污染与足月出生体重降低和早产有关。有提示性证据表明农药和多氯联苯与胎儿生长发育减缓及妊娠期缩短有关。更有力的证据（主要是职业方面的）将某些出生缺陷与有机溶剂和氯苯氧基除草剂的暴露联系起来。有证据表明二氯二苯三氯乙烷和双酚A可能与妊娠丢失有关。子宫内暴露还会增加发育迟缓（即神经功能受损）、成人慢性疾病（即心脏病、糖尿病、癌症）以及对下一代的影响（即生殖能力降低）的风险。需要进一步的研究、教育以及改进公共卫生政策，以减少潜在的不良暴露。
