Messier Stephen P, Legault Claudine, Schoenlank Casey R, Newman Jovita Jolla, Martin David F, DeVita Paul
J.B. Snow Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Nov;40(11):1873-9. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817ed272.
Approximately 36 million Americans participate in running each year, with 10.5 million running at least 100 d x yr(-1). Although running injuries are well understood medically, their potential risk factors are not. Thus, we presently have limited ability to identify individuals at high risk for overuse injuries.
This study aimed to identify behavioral and physiological risk factors that influenced potential knee injury mechanisms, including knee joint forces and knee moments.
Participants included 20 adults ranging in age from 20 to 55 yr (n = 7 males and n = 13 females). During the first screening visit, quadriceps and hamstring flexibility was assessed, and Q-angle, height, and weight were measured. During the second screening visit, participants completed a series of questionnaires and a gait analysis to calculate knee joint loads. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure eccentric and concentric knee extension strength.
Body weight (r = 0.48, P = 0.03), weekly mileage (r = 0.62, P = 0.005), and concentric knee extension strength (r=0.68, P = 0.0001) were significantly correlated with tibiofemoral compressive force. Knee extension moment displayed a negative correlation with hamstring flexibility (r = -0.47, P = 0.04). Both weekly mileage (r = 0.50, P = 0.03) and concentric knee extension strength (r = 0.60, P = 0.01) had significant positive correlations with patellofemoral force.
The results of this study relate larger knee joint loads to poor hamstring flexibility, greater body weight, greater weekly mileage, and greater muscular strength. Most of these risk factors could potentially be modified to reduce joint loads to lower the risk of injury.
每年约有3600万美国人参与跑步，其中1050万人每年跑步至少100天。虽然跑步损伤在医学上已被充分了解，但其潜在风险因素却并非如此。因此，目前我们识别过度使用损伤高风险个体的能力有限。
本研究旨在识别影响潜在膝关节损伤机制的行为和生理风险因素，包括膝关节力和膝关节力矩。
参与者为20名年龄在20至55岁之间的成年人（7名男性和13名女性）。在首次筛查访视期间，评估股四头肌和腘绳肌的柔韧性，并测量Q角、身高和体重。在第二次筛查访视期间，参与者完成一系列问卷和步态分析以计算膝关节负荷。使用等速测力计测量离心和向心膝关节伸展力量。
体重（r = 0.48，P = 0.03）、每周跑步里程（r = 0.62，P = 0.005）和向心膝关节伸展力量（r = 0.68，P = 0.0001）与胫股关节压缩力显著相关。膝关节伸展力矩与腘绳肌柔韧性呈负相关（r = -0.47，P = 0.04）。每周跑步里程（r = 0.50，P = 0.03）和向心膝关节伸展力量（r = 0.60，P = 0.01）均与髌股关节力呈显著正相关。
本研究结果表明，较大的膝关节负荷与腘绳肌柔韧性差、体重较大、每周跑步里程较长和肌肉力量较强有关。这些风险因素中的大多数可能可以通过调整来降低关节负荷，从而降低受伤风险。
