Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0022, Birmingham, AL,
Genes Nutr. 2006 Jun;1(2):75-83. doi: 10.1007/BF02829949.
While large populations in the third world are enduring famine, much of the developed world is undergoing an obesity epidemic. In addition to reflecting an unbalanced distribution of food, the "epidemic of overabundance" is ironically leading to a decrease in the health and longevity of the obese and improperly nourished in the first world. International consortia, such as the European Nutrigenomics Organization (NuGO), are increasing our knowledge of nutrientgene interactions and the effects of diet and obesity on human health. In this review, we summarize both previous and ongoing nutrigenomics studies in Drosophila and we explain how these studies can be used to provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying nutrigenomics in humans. We will discuss how quantitative trait locus (QTL) experiments have identified genes that affect triglyceride levels in Drosophila, and how microarray analyses show that hundreds of genes have altered gene expression under different dietary conditions. Finally, we will discuss ongoing combined microarray-QTL studies, termed "genetical genomics," that promise to identify "master modulatory loci" that regulate global responses of potentially hundreds of genes under different dietary conditions. When "master modulatory loci" are identified in Drosophila, then experiments in mammalian models can be used to determine the relevance of these genes to human nutrition and health.
虽然第三世界的大部分人口正在忍受饥荒，但许多发达国家正经历着肥胖症的流行。除了反映出食物分配的不平衡外，这种“过剩的流行”具有讽刺意味的是，它导致了第一世界中肥胖和营养不良的人的健康和寿命下降。国际财团，如欧洲营养基因组组织（NuGO），正在增加我们对营养基因相互作用以及饮食和肥胖对人类健康的影响的了解。在这篇综述中，我们总结了果蝇中以前和正在进行的营养基因组学研究，并解释了这些研究如何用于提供对人类营养基因组学分子机制的深入了解。我们将讨论定量性状位点（QTL）实验如何确定影响果蝇中甘油三酯水平的基因，以及微阵列分析如何表明在不同的饮食条件下有数百个基因的表达发生了改变。最后，我们将讨论正在进行的联合微阵列-QTL 研究，称为“遗传基因组学”，它有望确定调节不同饮食条件下数百个基因的全局反应的“主调节位点”。当在果蝇中确定了“主调节位点”时，然后可以在哺乳动物模型中进行实验，以确定这些基因与人类营养和健康的相关性。
