Shopland D R, Eyre H J, Pechacek T F
Smoking and Tobacco Control Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Aug 21;83(16):1142-8. doi: 10.1093/jnci/83.16.1142.
Findings from the new American Cancer Society prospective study of 1.2 million men and women indicate that mortality risks among smokers have increased substantially for most of the eight major cancer sites causally associated with cigarette smoking. Lung cancer risk for male smokers doubled, while the risk for females increased more than fourfold. On the basis of the new American Cancer Society relative risks, we project that cigarette smoking alone will contribute to slightly more than 157,000 of the 514,000 total cancer deaths expected to occur in the United States in 1991. Overall, smoking directly contributes to 21.5% of all cancer deaths in women but 45% of all cancer deaths in men. It would also appear that lung cancer has now displaced coronary heart disease as the single leading cause of excess mortality among smokers in the United States.
美国癌症协会对120万男性和女性进行的一项新的前瞻性研究结果表明，在与吸烟有因果关系的八大主要癌症部位中，大多数部位吸烟者的死亡风险大幅增加。男性吸烟者患肺癌的风险增加了一倍，而女性的风险增加了四倍多。根据美国癌症协会新的相对风险数据，我们预计，仅吸烟一项就将导致1991年美国预计发生的51.4万例癌症死亡中略超过15.7万例。总体而言，吸烟直接导致女性所有癌症死亡的21.
