Evans T G, Schwartzman J D
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132.
Semin Respir Infect. 1991 Mar;6(1):51-7.
Symptomatic pulmonary toxoplasmosis is a relatively rare disease process, although the lung is frequently infected with the causative agent Toxoplasma gondii. Acute infection resulting in diffuse pneumonia is most likely in the immunosuppressed transplant recipient, and reinfection pneumonia occurs in this patient population as well as in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The authors discuss the methods this protozoan uses to invade cells, to evade host defenses, and to cause tissue necrosis. The epidemiology of the disease relates directly to an inability to mount the effective cell-mediated immunity needed to keep the tissue cysts from undergoing effective replication into destructive tachyzoites. Alveolar macrophages and gamma interferon have been shown to be two important effector mechanisms in this control. Outcome is directly related to the ability to make an early diagnosis, which requires increased awareness of this disease in the patient populations at risk.
有症状的肺弓形虫病是一种相对罕见的疾病过程，尽管肺部经常感染病原体刚地弓形虫。急性感染导致弥漫性肺炎最可能发生在免疫抑制的移植受者中，再感染性肺炎则发生在该患者群体以及获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者中。作者讨论了这种原生动物用于侵入细胞、逃避宿主防御以及导致组织坏死的方法。该疾病的流行病学直接与无法产生有效的细胞介导免疫有关，而这种免疫是防止组织囊肿有效复制为具有破坏性的速殖子所必需的。肺泡巨噬细胞和γ干扰素已被证明是这种控制中的两种重要效应机制。预后直接与早期诊断的能力相关，而这需要提高对处于风险中的患者群体中该疾病的认识。
