Numazaki M
Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1991 Apr;62(1):16-23. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.62.16.
There are two different views on gathering information about self. According to "self-assessment" view, individuals choose tasks that are diagnostic about themselves, regardless of self-esteem implications. On the other hand, according to "self-enhancement" view, individuals choose tasks that are diagnostic only when they have positive self-esteem implications. Present research tested these predictions in Japanese college students, using for tasks with high or low diagnosticity of success and failure. In subjects with low uncertainty of self-esteem, task preference increased with diagnosticity of success and diagnosticity of failure. This was consistent with self-assessment view. However, in subjects with high uncertainty of self-esteem, task preference didn't increase with diagnosticity of failure. In subjects with high self-esteem, task preference is high with high diagnosticity of failure than that of subjects with low self-esteem. The results suggest large individual differences in gathering information about self. They also suggest that not only self-esteem but also uncertainty of self-esteem should be considered in studies of self-enhancement motivation.
关于收集自我信息存在两种不同观点。根据“自我评估”观点，个体选择对自己具有诊断性的任务，而不考虑自尊方面的影响。另一方面，根据“自我提升”观点，个体仅在任务具有积极自尊影响时才选择具有诊断性的任务。当前研究在日本大学生中对这些预测进行了测试，使用具有高低成功与失败诊断性的任务。在自尊不确定性低的受试者中，任务偏好随着成功诊断性和失败诊断性而增加。这与自我评估观点一致。然而，在自尊不确定性高的受试者中，任务偏好并未随着失败诊断性而增加。在高自尊受试者中，失败诊断性高时的任务偏好高于低自尊受试者。结果表明在收集自我信息方面存在很大的个体差异。它们还表明，在自我提升动机研究中，不仅应考虑自尊，还应考虑自尊的不确定性。
