Buckert U, Meyer W U, Schmalt H D
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1979 Jul;37(7):1172-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.37.7.1172.
The experiment is a partial replication of a study conducted by Trope. It investigates the effects of two person characteristics (achievement motive and perceived own ability) and two task characteristics (difficulty and diagnostic value about own ability) on choice among achievement tasks. In accordance with the results of Trope, it was found that high-diagnostic tasks were preferred to low-diagnostic tasks, independent of their difficulty. Trope's finding that high resultant achievers choose high-diagnostic tasks over low-diagnostic tasks to a greater extent than low resultant achievers was not replicated. However, the perceived degree of own ability affected choice behavior: When easy and difficult tasks were both high in diagnosticity, subjects high in perceived ability preferred difficult over easy tasks, whereas subjects low in perceived ability preferred easy over difficult tasks. From this latter finding it is concluded that a self-informational conception of choice behavior has to include the subjective probability of success at tasks as a determinant of choice, in addition to objective difficulty and diagnostic value.
该实验部分重复了特罗普所做的一项研究。它调查了两种个人特征（成就动机和自我感知能力）以及两种任务特征（难度和关于自身能力的诊断价值）对成就任务选择的影响。根据特罗普的研究结果，发现与低诊断性任务相比，高诊断性任务更受青睐，与任务难度无关。特罗普的研究发现，高成就者比低成就者更倾向于选择高诊断性任务而非低诊断性任务，但该结果未被重复验证。然而，自我感知的能力程度会影响选择行为：当简单任务和困难任务的诊断性都很高时，自我感知能力高的受试者更喜欢困难任务而非简单任务，而自我感知能力低的受试者则更喜欢简单任务而非困难任务。从后一项发现可以得出结论，选择行为的自我信息概念除了客观难度和诊断价值外，还必须将任务成功的主观概率作为选择的一个决定因素。
