Mitsutomi T
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1991 Apr;62(1):50-3. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.62.50.
Two experiments were conducted to examine the hypothesis that 4-year-olds' failure to resist to temptation was caused by their attention to motivational qualities of tempting objects. The forbidden toy situation forbidden to play with the attractive toy was used. In Experiment I that manipulated attention style of tempting objects, four conditions were set. Two conditions of these were conditions that prevented from attending to the motivational qualities of tempting objects and consisted of distraction condition that distracted from toy and toy-negative condition that evaluated the toy negatively. The other two conditions were control condition and toy-positive condition that attended to the motivational qualities of toy. The main results indicated that the transgression latencies of distraction and toy-negative conditions were longer than the other two conditions. In Experiment II, subjects were instructed to choose the strategy that they would use between stimulus pairs obtained by combining three strategy used in Experiment I. The results indicated that the number of subjects choosing toy-positive strategy were more than the other strategies in pairing toy-positive strategy with other two strategies. The hypothesis was supported from the present study.
进行了两项实验，以检验4岁儿童无法抗拒诱惑是由他们对诱人物体的动机特质的关注所导致这一假设。采用了禁止玩有吸引力玩具的禁玩玩具情境。在实验一中，对诱人物体的注意方式进行了操控，设置了四个条件。其中两个条件是防止关注诱人物体的动机特质，包括使注意力从玩具上分散的分心条件和对玩具进行负面评价的玩具负面条件。另外两个条件是关注玩具动机特质的控制条件和玩具正面条件。主要结果表明，分心条件和玩具负面条件下的违规潜伏期比其他两个条件更长。在实验二中，要求受试者在将实验一中使用的三种策略组合得到的刺激对之间选择他们会使用的策略。结果表明，在将玩具正面策略与其他两种策略配对时，选择玩具正面策略的受试者数量比其他策略更多。本研究支持了该假设。
