抗生素与口服避孕药相互作用的影响：牙科医生的知识与实践

Arigbede A O, Adedigba M A, Adeyemi B F, Omitola O G

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Niger Postgrad Med J. 2008 Sep;15(3):179-84.

OBJECTIVES

Unplanned pregnancies may result if antibiotics are prescribed for women using combined oral contraceptive (COC).The current study is designed to determine: the rate and pattern of antibiotic prescription during a normal week, the awareness of Nigerian dentists about possible drug interaction between antibiotics and oral contraceptives, and to determine the knowledge of Nigerian dentists about additional preventive measures to be employed by patients on combined oral contraceptive being placed on broad spectrum antibiotics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 tertiary and 2 secondary health institutions in Nigeria using dental House Officers and Residents as subjects. Medical House officers were employed as control. An open and close ended questionnaire that sought for information about types and number of times antibiotics are prescribed per week, influence of some medical conditions and drugs like contraceptive on choice of antibiotics and knowledge of relevant advice to be given to patients on oral contraceptive being given broad spectrum antibiotics was employed.

RESULTS

Antibiotics are prescribed 1-3 times per week by most dental graduates during a normal week. The antibiotics frequently prescribed by both the cases and the control include: Amoxicillin and Metronidazole. The dentists' decision to select appropriate antibiotics is influenced by the presence of pregnancy (90.52%) and penicillin allergy (85.34%). Only 59.48% of the dentists admitted being so influenced by current history of contraceptive use. Two respondents knew and gave relevant advice on additional preventive measure to be employed by patients on pills being given antibiotics

CONCLUSION

This initial report suggests that Nigerian dentists are not well informed about the potential interaction between antibiotics and combined oral contraceptive and the extra precautions to be taken when antibiotics is prescribed for women on COC pills. A cross-section of Nigerian dentists prescribed antibiotics 1-3 times during a normal week.

目的

给正在使用复方口服避孕药（COC）的女性开抗生素可能会导致意外怀孕。本研究旨在确定：正常一周内抗生素的处方率和模式、尼日利亚牙医对抗生素与口服避孕药之间可能存在的药物相互作用的认识，以及确定尼日利亚牙医对正在服用复方口服避孕药且需使用广谱抗生素的患者应采取的额外预防措施的了解情况。

材料与方法

在尼日利亚的3所三级医疗机构和2所二级医疗机构开展了一项横断面研究，以牙科住院医师和专科住院医师为研究对象。医学住院医师作为对照。采用了一份开放式和封闭式问卷，该问卷旨在收集以下信息：每周抗生素的处方类型和次数、一些医疗状况和药物（如避孕药）对抗生素选择的影响，以及对于正在服用复方口服避孕药且需使用广谱抗生素的患者应给予的相关建议的了解情况。

结果

大多数牙科毕业生在正常一周内开抗生素的次数为每周1 - 3次。病例组和对照组经常开具的抗生素包括：阿莫西林和甲硝唑。牙医选择合适抗生素的决定受妊娠情况（90.52%）和青霉素过敏情况（85.34%）的影响。只有59.48%的牙医承认会受到当前避孕用药史的影响。两名受访者知道并给出了关于正在服用避孕药且需使用抗生素的患者应采取的额外预防措施的相关建议。