Fukuchi Reginaldo K, Duarte Marcos
Laboratory of Biomechanics, Instituto Vita, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Sports Sci. 2008 Nov;26(13):1447-54. doi: 10.1080/02640410802209018.
The objective of this study was to compare the three-dimensional lower extremity running kinematics of young adult runners and elderly runners. Seventeen elderly adults (age 67-73 years) and 17 young adults (age 26-36 years) ran at 3.1 m x s(-1) on a treadmill while the movements of the lower extremity during the stance phase were recorded at 120 Hz using three-dimensional video. The three-dimensional kinematics of the lower limb segments and of the ankle and knee joints were determined, and selected variables were calculated to describe the movement. Our results suggest that elderly runners have a different movement pattern of the lower extremity from that of young adults during the stance phase of running. Compared with the young adults, the elderly runners had a substantial decrease in stride length (1.97 vs. 2.23 m; P = 0.01), an increase in stride frequency (1.58 vs. 1.37 Hz; P = 0.002), less knee flexion/extension range of motion (26 vs. 33 degrees ; P = 0.002), less tibial internal/external rotation range of motion (9 vs. 12 degrees ; P < 0.001), larger external rotation angle of the foot segment (toe-out angle) at the heel strike (-5.8 vs. -1.0 degrees ; P = 0.009), and greater asynchronies between the ankle and knee movements during running. These results may help to explain why elderly individuals could be more susceptible to running-related injuries.
本研究的目的是比较年轻成年跑步者和老年跑步者下肢的三维跑步运动学。17名老年人（年龄67 - 73岁）和17名年轻人（年龄26 - 36岁）在跑步机上以3.1 m·s⁻¹的速度跑步，同时使用三维视频以120 Hz的频率记录站立阶段下肢的运动。确定了下肢各节段以及踝关节和膝关节的三维运动学，并计算了选定变量以描述运动。我们的结果表明，在跑步的站立阶段，老年跑步者下肢的运动模式与年轻成年跑步者不同。与年轻成年人相比，老年跑步者的步幅大幅减小（1.97 vs. 2.23 m；P = 0.01），步频增加（1.58 vs. 1.37 Hz；P = 0.002），膝关节屈伸活动范围减小（26 vs. 33度；P = 0.002），胫骨内外旋转活动范围减小（9 vs. 12度；P < 0.001），足跟触地时足部节段的外旋角度（脚尖外展角度）更大（-5.8 vs. -1.0度；P = 0.009），并且跑步过程中踝关节和膝关节运动之间的不同步性更大。这些结果可能有助于解释为什么老年人更容易受到与跑步相关的损伤。
