Xu J H, Ikeda Y, Komiyama S
Department of Otolaryngology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Auris Nasus Larynx. 1991;18(1):67-77. doi: 10.1016/s0385-8146(12)80252-5.
A breathing technique, or effective breath method is important for both singers and speakers for effective vocalization, and also useful for helping people with a voice problem. Here a diaphragm support breath pattern was used in voice therapy for patients with vocal nodules, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, and incomplete glottal closure. Singing teachers use a technique, called the diaphragm breath support. This is called the yawning breath pattern (YBP) in our voice clinic and is used in teaching the patients with some kinds of voice disorder. In order to correct patients' breath pattern, an equipment system was designed to check their breath patterns conveniently in voice therapy practice. A respiratory kinematic sensor which connected to a TV monitor was attached to the patients' rib cage near the diaphragm, and by bio-feedback, patients could observe and adjust their breath pattern to the desired pattern during vocalization. In each of the 10 outpatient sessions, the patients performed for 20 to 30 min, and were instructed to practice at home for 3 or more times daily. The YBP method was applied to 91 patients, 17 males and 74 females, with ages ranging from 17 to 79 years. Of the 91 patients 41 had vocal nodules, 20 had recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and 30 had incomplete glottal closure associated with chronic laryngitis and sulcus vocalis. Most of the patients could master the YBP technique successfully. The higher the patients' ability to master the YBP was the better the results of both voice tests and subjective evaluation. The scientific background of the YBP method and its clinical effects in voice therapy was reviewed.
呼吸技巧或有效的呼吸方法对于歌手和演讲者进行有效的发声都很重要，对于帮助有嗓音问题的人也很有用。在这里，横膈膜支持呼吸模式被用于声带小结、喉返神经麻痹和不完全声门闭合患者的嗓音治疗中。歌唱教师使用一种称为横膈膜呼吸支持的技巧。在我们的嗓音诊所，这被称为打哈欠呼吸模式（YBP），并用于教授患有某些嗓音障碍的患者。为了纠正患者的呼吸模式，设计了一种设备系统，以便在嗓音治疗实践中方便地检查他们的呼吸模式。一个连接到电视监视器的呼吸运动传感器被连接到患者靠近横膈膜的胸腔，通过生物反馈，患者可以在发声过程中观察并将自己的呼吸模式调整到期望的模式。在每次10次门诊治疗中，患者进行20至30分钟，并被要求每天在家练习3次或更多次。YBP方法应用于91名患者，其中男性17名，女性74名，年龄在17岁至79岁之间。在这91名患者中，41名有声带小结，20名有喉返神经麻痹，30名有与慢性喉炎和声沟相关的不完全声门闭合。大多数患者能够成功掌握YBP技术。患者掌握YBP的能力越高，嗓音测试和主观评估的结果就越好。本文回顾了YBP方法的科学背景及其在嗓音治疗中的临床效果。
