Huys Raoul, Smeeton Nicholas J, Hodges Nicola J, Beek Peter J, Williams A Mark
UMR 6233 Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne-Jules Marey, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, CP 910, 163 Av. de Luminy F-13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
Percept Psychophys. 2008 Oct;70(7):1217-34. doi: 10.3758/PP.70.7.1217.
What information underwrites visual anticipation skill in dynamic sport situations? We examined this question on the premise that the optical information used for anticipation resides in the dynamic motion structures, or modes, that are inherent in the observed kinematic patterns. In Experiment 1, we analyzed whole-body movements involved in tennis shots to different directions and distances by means of principal component analysis. The shots differed in the few modes that captured most of the variance, especially as a function of shot direction. In Experiments 2 and 3, skilled and less skilled tennis players were asked to anticipate the direction of simulated shots on the basis of kinematic patterns in which only the constituent dynamic structures were manipulated. The results indicated that players predicted shot direction by picking up the information contained in multiple low-dimensional dynamic modes, suggesting that anticipation skill in tennis entails the extraction of this dynamic information from high-dimensional displays.
在动态运动情境中，是什么信息支撑着视觉预判能力？我们基于这样一个前提来研究这个问题，即用于预判的视觉信息存在于观察到的运动模式中固有的动态运动结构或模式里。在实验1中，我们通过主成分分析来分析网球向不同方向和距离击球时的全身动作。这些击球在捕获大部分方差的少数模式上存在差异，尤其是作为击球方向的函数。在实验2和实验3中，我们要求技术熟练和不太熟练的网球运动员根据仅操纵了组成动态结构的运动模式来预判模拟击球的方向。结果表明，运动员通过提取多个低维动态模式中包含的信息来预测击球方向，这表明网球中的预判能力需要从高维显示中提取这种动态信息。
