Neguţ Eugenia Aurora, Bălteanu Monica, Ionescu G, Băncescu A, Iliescu A, Skaug N
N.I.R.D.M.I. Cantacuzino, Bucharest, Romania.
Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol. 2007 Jan-Jun;66(1-2):26-36.
As knowledge has accumulated on the blood-transmitted pathogenic agents, the contact with biological fluids (blood, plasma, saliva, etc.) from apparently healthy individuals has started to be regarded as a real professional risk for dentists. Theoretically, exposure to a contaminated biological specimen may have as a consequence transmission of infection from patient to dentist, from dentist to patient and from patient to patient via inadequately decontaminated and sterilized dental equipment. The present study is concerned with the analysis of the specific conditions that favor the occurrence of the epidemic process, the estimation of the risk degree of transmission of infections caused by hepatitis B, C viruses as well as of HIV infection in Romania. The data for the study were collected using two processes. First a self reporting survey and secondly an experimental procedure were performed. The testing of dentists' knowledge of blood transmissible diseases and infection control in their offices were performed using a questionnaire with 129 questions. The professional incidents/accidents representing a potential risk were counted using a questionnaire (with 37 questions). Serological markers were tested with ELISA kits. The monitoring of sterilization was accomplished with a questionnaire and biological tests. Many conclusions result from the study. There is an extremely reduced probability and infection transmission from the dentist to the patient. The transmission of infection from the patient to the dentist represents a low risk (for all that, the risk should not be minimized). The rigorous control and observation of infection prevention measures in dental offices is necessary to stop the infection transmission from patient to patient. The dentists' postgraduate training in infection control measures should be completed with knowledge regarding the blood transmissible infections epidemiology. Learning more about the epidemiological process enables the dentists to avoid wrong attitudes and behaviors.
随着关于血液传播病原体的知识不断积累，与看似健康个体的生物体液（血液、血浆、唾液等）接触已开始被视为牙医面临的真正职业风险。从理论上讲，接触受污染的生物标本可能导致感染通过未充分消毒和灭菌的牙科设备从患者传播给牙医、从牙医传播给患者以及从患者传播给患者。本研究关注有利于疫情发生的具体条件分析，以及罗马尼亚乙型、丙型肝炎病毒和艾滋病毒感染传播风险程度的评估。该研究的数据通过两个过程收集。首先进行了一项自我报告调查，其次进行了一个实验程序。使用一份包含129个问题的问卷对牙医关于血液传播疾病的知识及其诊所的感染控制情况进行测试。使用一份问卷（包含37个问题）统计代表潜在风险的职业事件/事故。使用酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒检测血清学标志物。通过问卷和生物测试完成对消毒的监测。该研究得出了许多结论。牙医将感染传播给患者的可能性极低。感染从患者传播给牙医的风险较低（尽管如此，该风险不应被忽视）。必须严格控制和观察牙科诊所的感染预防措施，以阻止感染在患者之间传播。牙医在感染控制措施方面的研究生培训应补充关于血液传播感染流行病学的知识。更多地了解流行病学过程能使牙医避免错误的态度和行为。
