Kuruuzum Ziya, Yapar Nur, Avkan-Oguz Vildan, Aslan Halil, Ozbek Ozgen Alpay, Cakir Nedim, Yuce Ayse
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Dokuz Eylul, Izmir, Turkey.
Am J Infect Control. 2008 Dec;36(10):e27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.05.012.
The major concern after occupational exposures is the possible transmission of blood-borne pathogens, especially hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study was undertaken to evaluate the risk of infection after exposure to blood or body fluids of an unknown or an HBV-, HCV-, and HIV-negative source and to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of these incidents in health care workers.
The survey was conducted over a 6-year period at a university hospital in Turkey, using a questionnaire to elicit demographic and epidemiologic information. Serologic tests for HBV, HCV, and HIV were performed and repeated after 3 months.
Of the 449 incidents, complete follow-up was achieved in 320 (71.3%), and no seroconversion was observed for HBV, HCV and HIV. Most of the incidents occurred in medical (34.7%) and surgical (25.4%) work areas. The most frequent type of exposure was percutaneous injury (94%), most commonly caused by handling of garbage bags (58.4%), needle recapping (16.5%), and invasive interventions (13.4%).
Infection risk seems to be extremely low for HCV and HIV, because of low endemicity, and for HBV in groups immunized against HBV.
职业暴露后主要关注的是血源性病原体的可能传播，尤其是乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。本研究旨在评估接触未知或HBV、HCV和HIV阴性源的血液或体液后的感染风险，并确定医护人员中这些事件的流行病学特征。
在土耳其一家大学医院进行了为期6年的调查，使用问卷获取人口统计学和流行病学信息。进行了HBV、HCV和HIV的血清学检测，并在3个月后重复检测。
在449起事件中，320起（71.3%）实现了完整随访，未观察到HBV、HCV和HIV的血清学转换。大多数事件发生在医疗（34.7%）和外科（25.4%）工作区域。最常见的暴露类型是经皮损伤（94%），最常见的原因是处理垃圾袋（58.4%）、针头回套（16.5%）和侵入性操作（13.4%）。
由于地方性流行率低，HCV和HIV的感染风险似乎极低，而在接种HBV疫苗的人群中，HBV的感染风险也很低。
