Knouse Laura E, Cooper-Vince Christine, Sprich Susan, Safren Steven A
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2008 Oct;8(10):1537-48. doi: 10.1586/14737175.8.10.1537.
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV psychiatric disorder associated with significant functional impairment in multiple domains. Although stimulant and other pharmacotherapy regimens have the most empirical support as treatments for ADHD in adults, many adults with the disorder continue to experience significant residual symptoms. In the present manuscript, we review the published studies examining group and individual psychosocial treatments for adult ADHD. We include a discussion of coaching interventions and how they differ from cognitive-behavioral therapy. We conclude that the available data support the use of structured, skills-based psychosocial interventions as a viable treatment for adults with residual symptoms of ADHD. Common elements across the various treatment packages include psychoeducation, training in concrete skills (e.g., organization and planning strategies) and emphasis on outside practice and maintenance of these strategies in daily life. These treatments, however, require further study for replication, extension and refinement. Finally, we suggest future directions for the application of psychosocial treatments to the problems of adults with ADHD.
成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种越来越被认可的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）-IV精神障碍，与多个领域的显著功能损害相关。尽管兴奋剂和其他药物治疗方案作为成人ADHD的治疗方法有最多的实证支持，但许多患有该障碍的成人仍继续经历显著的残留症状。在本手稿中，我们回顾了已发表的关于成人ADHD群体和个体心理社会治疗的研究。我们讨论了辅导干预以及它们与认知行为疗法的不同之处。我们得出结论，现有数据支持使用结构化的、基于技能的心理社会干预作为对有ADHD残留症状的成人的一种可行治疗方法。各种治疗方案中的共同要素包括心理教育、具体技能培训（如组织和规划策略）以及强调在日常生活中对这些策略的外部实践和维持。然而，这些治疗需要进一步研究以进行复制、扩展和完善。最后，我们提出了将心理社会治疗应用于患有ADHD的成人问题的未来方向。
