Grossbard Joel R, Smith Ronald E, Smoll Frank L, Cumming Sean P
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2009 Mar;22(2):153-66. doi: 10.1080/10615800802020643.
The age-appropriate Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2; Smith, Smoll, Cumming, & Grossbard, 2006) was used to assess levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety among male and female youth sport participants. Confirmatory factor analyses with a sample of 9-14 year old athletes (N=1038) supported the viability of a three-factor model of anxiety involving somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption previously demonstrated in high school and college samples. Tests for factorial invariance revealed that the three-factor model was an equally good fit for 9-11 year olds and 12-14 year olds, and for both males and females. Gender and age were modestly related to anxiety scores. Worry about performing poorly was highest in girls and in older athletes, whereas boys reported higher levels of concentration disruption in competitive sport situations. Implications for emotional perception and for the study of competitive anxiety in young athletes are discussed.
采用适合相应年龄段的运动焦虑量表-2（SAS-2；史密斯、斯莫尔、卡明和格罗斯巴德，2006年）来评估青少年男女运动参与者的认知焦虑和躯体焦虑水平。对9至14岁运动员样本（N = 1038）进行的验证性因素分析支持了焦虑三因素模型的可行性，该模型包括躯体焦虑、担忧和注意力分散，此前已在高中和大学样本中得到证实。因素不变性检验表明，三因素模型对9至11岁和12至14岁的儿童以及男性和女性同样适用。性别和年龄与焦虑得分有一定关联。女孩和年龄较大的运动员对表现不佳的担忧最高，而男孩在竞技运动情境中报告的注意力分散水平较高。文中讨论了其对情绪感知以及年轻运动员竞技焦虑研究的意义。
