Patel Dilip R, Omar Hatim, Terry Marisa
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2010 Dec;23(6):325-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2010.04.004. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
The prevalence of anxiety disorders in adolescents range from 6% to 20%, and it is much higher for anxiety symptoms not meeting criteria for a specific anxiety disorder. The prevalence is much higher in females. Athletes participating in sports experience different levels of stress from competitive sports. For most young athletes (generally 13 to 24 years old, i.e., high-school and college age group) sport participation is reported to be no more stressful than many other activities of daily student or work life in general where competition is involved and performance is measured. Some level of sport related performance anxiety is considered to be normal and healthy; however, extreme anxiety in athletes can be detrimental in these performance situations. A number of factors may contribute to the development, severity, and persistence of performance anxiety related to sport participation. This article reviews the definitions, theories, clinical presentation, evaluation, and management principles of performance anxiety symptoms in young athletes.
青少年焦虑症的患病率在6%至20%之间，而未达到特定焦虑症标准的焦虑症状患病率则更高。女性的患病率要高得多。参加体育运动的运动员会从竞技运动中体验到不同程度的压力。对于大多数年轻运动员（一般为13至24岁，即高中和大学年龄组）来说，据报道，体育参与并不比学生日常或工作生活中涉及竞争和绩效衡量的许多其他活动压力更大。一定程度的与运动相关的表现焦虑被认为是正常且有益健康的；然而，运动员的极度焦虑在这些表现情境中可能是有害的。许多因素可能导致与体育参与相关的表现焦虑的发展、严重程度和持续存在。本文综述了年轻运动员表现焦虑症状的定义、理论、临床表现、评估和管理原则。
