Erler Fedai, Polat Ersin, Demir Halil, Cetin Huseyin, Erdemir Tugba
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey. erler@akdeniz
Pest Manag Sci. 2009 Feb;65(2):144-9. doi: 10.1002/ps.1658.
The most serious insect pest problems affecting the cultivation of mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach] in Turkey are mushroom flies (sciarids, cecids and phorids). Mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), is the most common insect pest species during April-October. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for eight botanical materials (two commercial neem-based products and six hot-water plant extracts) to control M. halterata populations in three successive growing periods.
Treatment efficacy was evaluated by assessing adult emergence and sporophore damage rates compared with that of a standard insecticide, chlorpyrifos-ethyl (positive control). All plant extracts caused significant reductions in the mean number of emerging adults and sporophore damage rates compared with the water-treated control (negative control). Reduction in adult emergence in both neem treatments, Neemazal and Greeneem oil, was greater than that in the positive control. While Neemazal and Origanum onites L. extract had significantly lower sporophore damage rates than the positive control, there were no significant differences between the chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Greeneem oil and Pimpinella anisum L. extract treatments.
The results suggest that both neem products and hot-water extracts of O. onites and P. anisum may be potential alternatives to conventional pesticides for the control of mushroom phorid fly.
影响土耳其双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach）栽培的最严重害虫问题是菇蝇（眼蕈蚊、瘿蚊和蚤蝇）。菇蚤蝇（Megaselia halterata (Wood)）是4月至10月期间最常见的害虫种类。本研究的目的是评估八种植物材料（两种基于印楝的商业产品和六种热水植物提取物）在三个连续生长阶段控制菇蚤蝇种群的潜力。
通过评估成虫羽化率和子实体损害率，并与标准杀虫剂乙基毒死蜱（阳性对照）进行比较，来评价处理效果。与水处理对照（阴性对照）相比，所有植物提取物均使羽化成虫的平均数量和子实体损害率显著降低。两种印楝处理（Neemazal和Greeneem油）中成虫羽化率的降低幅度均大于阳性对照。虽然Neemazal和牛至（Origanum onites L.）提取物的子实体损害率显著低于阳性对照，但乙基毒死蜱、Greeneem油和茴芹（Pimpinella anisum L.）提取物处理之间没有显著差异。
结果表明，印楝产品以及牛至和茴芹的热水提取物可能是控制菇蚤蝇的传统农药的潜在替代品。
