Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Dossenheim, Germany; Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, Hannover, Germany.
Pest Manag Sci. 2014 Mar;70(3):502-9. doi: 10.1002/ps.3621. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, is the major insect pest of sweet and tart cherries. Its management is becoming increasingly difficult in many countries as formerly effective but broad-spectrum insecticides are removed from the market. With the objective of identifying suitable and environmentally safe alternatives, we investigated bait sprays containing two families of plant-derived insecticides: azadirachtins (NeemAzal-T(®) and NeemAzal-T/S(®) ) and pyrethrins (Spruzit Neu(®) ).
In 12 semi-field trials conducted within cages, weekly applications of 0.0001 or 0.0005% neem in a bait formulation effectively reduced fruit infestation. However, addition of 0.000125-0.001% pyrethrins did not improve the efficacy of the neem formulations, and when used alone pyrethrins were less effective than neem alone. Two years of field trials were also conducted within orchards wherein an insecticidal barrier of treated trees excluded immigration of fertile R. cerasi from elsewhere. In blocks treated with 0.0005% neem in a bait formulation, we observed 94% (2011) or 86% (2012) reduction of fruit infestation over control blocks.
Bait sprays containing neem are a promising alternative for the management of R. cerasi, especially where the risk of immigration of fertilized females is low, as in isolated orchards or as part of area-wide treatments.
欧洲樱桃实蝇 Rhagoletis cerasi 是甜樱桃和酸樱桃的主要虫害。由于先前有效的广谱杀虫剂已从市场上撤出，其管理在许多国家变得越来越困难。为了寻找合适且对环境安全的替代品，我们研究了含有两类植物源杀虫剂的诱饵喷雾：印楝素（NeemAzal-T(®) 和 NeemAzal-T/S(®)）和除虫菊素（Spruzit Neu(®)）。
在 12 项半田间试验中，每周在诱饵配方中使用 0.0001 或 0.0005%的印楝素可有效减少果实侵染。然而，添加 0.000125-0.001%的除虫菊素并不能提高印楝素配方的功效，而且单独使用时，除虫菊素的效果不如单独使用印楝素。还在果园内进行了两年的田间试验，在那里，经处理的树木形成了防虫屏障，阻止了有生育能力的 R. cerasi 从其他地方迁入。在 0.0005%印楝素诱饵喷雾处理的区块中，我们观察到果实侵染率比对照区块降低了 94%（2011 年）或 86%（2012 年）。
含有印楝素的诱饵喷雾是管理 R. cerasi 的一种有前途的替代方法，特别是在受精雌蝇迁入风险较低的情况下，如在孤立的果园或作为区域范围处理的一部分。
