Templer S P, Rohner P, Baumgartner A
Section of Microbiological and Biotechnological Risks, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Schwarzenburgstrasse 165, 3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland.
J Food Prot. 2008 Oct;71(10):2100-4. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.10.2100.
Clinical Enterococcus faecalis (n=65) and Enterococcus faecium (n=12) blood isolates from three Swiss hospitals were characterized with testing for resistance to antimicrobial agents, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the occurrence of virulence factors. Phenotypic determination of resistance to antimicrobial agents resulted in 20% of E. faecalis isolates showing a triple resistance against chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, and seven isolates (two E. faecalis and five E. faecium) exhibiting a multiresistance against five or more antimicrobials. One isolate each of E. faecalis and E. faecium showed vancomycin resistance. All isolates contained at least two of the nine tested virulence genes (agg, gelE, cyl, esp, efaAfs, efaAfm, cpd, cob, and ccf). Phylogenetic analysis of the PFGE profiles identified several small clusters within E. faecalis isolates, one of which included isolates of all three hospitals. Fifty-six (73%) isolates occurred as unique, patient-specific clones. Several PFGE types were associated with shared features in their resistance patterns, indicating spread between and within wards. Finally, enterococci from this study and previous isolates from cheeses were examined by PFGE typing. The comparison of PFGE profiles from human and food isolates resulted in clusters of genetically strong related strains, which suggests high similarities of the enterococcal community composition of these two environments. A possible spread of the enterococcal isolates through the food supply cannot be excluded.
对来自瑞士三家医院的65株粪肠球菌和12株屎肠球菌血液分离株进行了抗微生物药物耐药性检测、脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分析及毒力因子检测。抗微生物药物耐药性的表型测定结果显示，20%的粪肠球菌分离株对氯霉素、四环素、红霉素呈现三重耐药，7株分离株（2株粪肠球菌和5株屎肠球菌）对五种或更多种抗微生物药物呈现多重耐药。粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌各有1株分离株显示对万古霉素耐药。所有分离株均含有9个检测毒力基因（agg、gelE、cyl、esp、efaAfs、efaAfm、cpd、cob和ccf）中的至少两个。PFGE图谱的系统发育分析在粪肠球菌分离株中鉴定出几个小簇，其中一个簇包含来自所有三家医院的分离株。56株（73%）分离株为独特的、患者特异性克隆。几种PFGE类型在耐药模式上具有共同特征，表明在病房之间和病房内存在传播。最后，通过PFGE分型对本研究中的肠球菌和先前从奶酪中分离出的菌株进行了检测。对人类和食品分离株的PFGE图谱比较产生了遗传关系密切的菌株簇，这表明这两种环境中肠球菌群落组成具有高度相似性。不能排除肠球菌分离株通过食品供应传播的可能性。
