Phytopathology. 2004 Feb;94(2):132-7. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.2.132.
ABSTRACT Structural solarization of greenhouses for sanitation by closing them involves dry heating to 60 degrees C and higher with a consequent low relative humidity (RH) ( approximately 15%), thus requiring an extended period for thermal inactivation of pathogens. In an attempt to enhance pathogen control by increasing moisture during the hot hours of the day, various regimes of inoculum moistening were studied. However, wetting inoculum of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici resulted in less effective pathogen control compared with that of dry heating. Fifty percent effective dose (ED(50)) values of thermal inactivation of wetted and dry inoculum for the former pathogen were 18 and 7 days, respectively, and for the latter, a respective 9 and 4 days. This was because wetting resulted in inoculum cooling due to evaporation, which eventually led to its drying. A model describing the drying of wet inoculum in a wetted greenhouse, based on the fact that there was an approximately 10 degrees C difference between greenhouse and ambient temperatures, was proposed. A double-tent system reduced this difference to 1 to 2 degrees C, reduced moisture loss, and led to improved inoculum inactivation of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Thus, the ED(50) value of thermal inactivation was reduced from 15 days to 1 day, because this system provided both high temperature ( approximately 60 degrees C) and high RH ( approximately 100%), resulting in effective wet heating.
摘要 通过关闭温室进行卫生消毒的结构日晒，涉及到干热至 60 摄氏度及更高温度，随之而来的是相对湿度（RH）较低（约为 15%），因此需要较长时间才能实现病原体的热失活。为了在白天高温时段增加水分以增强病原体控制，研究了各种接种物加湿方案。然而，与干热相比，加湿接种物的尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis）和茄镰孢菌（F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici）的接种物会导致病原体控制效果降低。前者的湿接种物和干接种物的热失活 50%有效剂量（ED（50））值分别为 18 天和 7 天，后者的分别为 9 天和 4 天。这是因为加湿导致接种物因蒸发而冷却，最终导致其干燥。提出了一种描述湿温室中湿接种物干燥的模型，该模型基于温室和环境温度之间存在约 10 摄氏度差异的事实。双层帐篷系统将此差异降低到 1 到 2 摄氏度，减少了水分损失，并提高了茄镰孢菌接种物的失活效果。因此，热失活的 ED（50）值从 15 天降低到 1 天，因为该系统提供了高温（约 60 摄氏度）和高 RH（约 100%），从而实现了有效的湿加热。
