Phytopathology. 2000 Jul;90(7):751-7. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.7.751.
ABSTRACT The effects of reduced doses of methyl bromide (MB) or metham sodium, heating, short solarization, and soil microbial activity, alone or in combination, on survival of soilborne fungal pathogens were tested in a controlled-environment system and field plots. Sublethal doses of heating or MB delayed germination of Sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia. Combining MB and heating treatments was more effective than either treatment alone in controlling S. rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici. The application heating followed by fumigation with MB, was significantly more effective in delaying and reducing germination of S. rolfsii sclerotia and in controlling F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici than the opposite sequence. Further, incubation in soil and exposure to microbial activity of previously heated or MB-treated sclerotia increased the mortality rate, indicating a weakening effect. Similarly, incubation of chlamydospores of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in soil in the field after fumigation further reduced their survival, confirming the laboratory results. In field tests, combining MB or metham sodium at reduced doses with short solarization was more effective in controlling fungal pathogens than either treatment alone. Treatment sequence significantly affected pathogen control in the field, similar to its effect under controlled conditions. This study demonstrates a frequent synergistic effect of combining soil treatments and its potential for improving pathogen control and reducing pesticide dose, especially when an appropriate sequence was followed.
摘要 采用控制环境系统和田间小区试验，研究了减少甲基溴（MB）或甲磺隆用量、加热、短时间太阳照射和土壤微生物活性单独或联合使用对土壤病原菌存活的影响。亚致死剂量的加热或 MB 延迟了核盘菌菌核的萌发。MB 与加热联合处理比单独处理更能有效控制核盘菌和茄腐镰孢菌。先加热后用 MB 熏蒸的处理方式比相反顺序处理更能有效延迟和减少核盘菌菌核的萌发，并控制茄腐镰孢菌。此外，在土壤中孵育并暴露于先前加热或 MB 处理过的菌核的微生物活性下，死亡率增加，表明存在弱化效应。同样，在田间条件下，将厚垣孢子（F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis 和 F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici）在土壤中孵育后用 MB 熏蒸，进一步降低了它们的存活率，证实了实验室结果。在田间试验中，与单独处理相比，减少剂量的 MB 或甲磺隆与短时间太阳照射联合使用更能有效控制真菌病原菌。处理顺序对田间病原菌的控制有显著影响，与控制条件下的影响相似。本研究证明了联合土壤处理的频繁协同效应及其在提高病原菌控制和减少农药用量方面的潜力，特别是在遵循适当顺序的情况下。
