Phytopathology. 2005 Jun;95(6):692-700. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0692.
ABSTRACT Change in relative frequencies of the three main genetic types of Botrytis cinerea (Group I, Group II vacuma, and Group II transposa) were monitored over time from 1998 to 2000 in three Bordeaux vineyards not treated with fungicides. During 2000, Group I isolates, detected mostly at flowering comprised only 2.5% of the entire population. Within Group II, the complementary frequencies of vacuma and transposa isolates differed significantly depending on grapevine phenological stages and organs. Every year and at all sites, including one noble rot site, transposa isolates dominated at every stage, particularly on overwintering canes and at harvest (greater than 86.7% on berries). The complementary frequency of vacuma isolates reached a maximum on senescing floral caps (between 23.5 and 71.4%) and then decreased significantly until harvest on leaves and berries. In pathogenicity tests on grape berries, transposa isolates were significantly more virulent than were vacuma isolates. Mycelial growth rate was negatively correlated with virulence, notably on leaves in transposa and with double resistance to the fungicides carbendazim and vinclozolin. In vacuma, this double resistance was positively correlated with virulence on leaves. Change in the vacuma and transposa frequencies was most likely caused by differences in saprotrophic and pathogenic fitness. Possible interactions between fungicide resistance profiles and fitness are discussed.
摘要 1998 年至 2000 年，在未使用杀菌剂的三个波尔多葡萄园里，对 Botrytis cinerea（Group I、Group II vacuma 和 Group II transposa）三种主要遗传类型的相对频率变化进行了长期监测。在 2000 年，开花期检测到的 Group I 分离株仅占整个种群的 2.5%。在 Group II 中，vacuma 和 transposa 分离株的互补频率因葡萄物候阶段和器官而异。每年在所有地点，包括一个贵腐菌地点，transposa 分离株都占主导地位，尤其是在越冬藤本和收获期（浆果上大于 86.7%）。vacuma 分离株的互补频率在衰老的花帽上达到最大值（23.5%至 71.4%），然后在收获时叶片和浆果上显著下降。在对葡萄浆果的致病性测试中，transposa 分离株的毒性明显高于 vacuma 分离株。菌丝生长速率与毒力呈负相关，在 transposa 上尤其是在叶片上，而且对杀菌剂多菌灵和戊唑醇具有双重抗性。在 vacuma 中，这种双重抗性与叶片上的毒力呈正相关。vacuma 和 transposa 频率的变化很可能是由于腐生和致病适应性的差异所致。还讨论了杀菌剂抗性谱和适应性之间的可能相互作用。
