Phytopathology. 1999 Nov;89(11):1112-8. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.11.1112.
ABSTRACT Measuring and understanding spatial variation of pests is a fundamental component of population dynamics. The resulting maps can drive spatially variable pest management, which we define as precision integrated pest management (IPM). Precision IPM has the potential to reduce insecticide use and slow the rate of resistance development because of the creation of temporally dynamic refuges. This approach to IPM requires sampling in which the objective is to measure spatial variation and map pest density or pressure. Interpolation of spatially referenced data is reviewed, and the influence of sampling design is suggested to be critical to the mapped visualization. Spatial sampling created problems with poor precision and small sample sizes that were partially alleviated with choosing sampling units based on their geostatistical properties, adopting global positioning system technology, and mapping local means. Mapping the probability of exceeding a threshold with indicator kriging is discussed as a decision-making tool for precision IPM. The different types of sampling patterns to deploy are discussed relative to the pest mapping objective.
摘要 测量和理解害虫的空间变异是种群动态的一个基本组成部分。由此产生的地图可以驱动空间变化的害虫管理，我们将其定义为精确的综合害虫管理（IPM）。由于创建了暂时动态的避难所，精确的 IPM 有可能减少杀虫剂的使用并减缓抗药性的发展速度。这种 IPM 方法需要进行采样，其目标是测量空间变化并绘制害虫密度或压力图。本文回顾了空间参考数据的插值，并提出了采样设计的影响对映射可视化效果至关重要。空间采样存在精度差和样本量小的问题，通过根据其地统计学特性选择采样单元、采用全球定位系统技术和绘制局部平均值，部分缓解了这些问题。本文还讨论了用指示克里金法绘制超过阈值概率的方法，作为精确 IPM 的决策工具。讨论了不同类型的采样模式相对于害虫绘图目标的部署。
