Brainerd C J, Stein L M, Silveira R A, Rohenkohl G, Reyna V F
Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2008 Sep;19(9):919-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02177.x.
Remembering negative events can stimulate high levels of false memory, relative to remembering neutral events. In experiments in which the emotional valence of encoded materials was manipulated with their arousal levels controlled, valence produced a continuum of memory falsification. Falsification was highest for negative materials, intermediate for neutral materials, and lowest for positive materials. Conjoint-recognition analysis produced a simple process-level explanation: As one progresses from positive to neutral to negative valence, false memory increases because (a) the perceived meaning resemblance between false and true items increases and (b) subjects are less able to use verbatim memories of true items to suppress errors.
相对于记忆中性事件,回忆负面事件会引发更高水平的错误记忆。在编码材料的情绪效价被操纵而唤醒水平得到控制的实验中,效价产生了一个记忆伪造的连续体。负面材料的伪造程度最高,中性材料居中,正面材料最低。联合识别分析给出了一个简单的过程层面的解释:随着从正性到中性再到负性效价的推进,错误记忆增加,这是因为(a)错误项目与真实项目之间感知到的意义相似性增加,以及(b)受试者利用真实项目的逐字记忆来抑制错误的能力下降。