Pratt Julia G, Wemm Stephanie E, Harris Bailey B, Huang Yuye, Sinha Rajita, Goldfarb Elizabeth V
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Learn Mem. 2025 Jan 27;32(1). doi: 10.1101/lm.053971.124. Print 2025 Jan.
Emotional events hold a privileged place in our memories, differing in accuracy and structure from memories for neutral experiences. Although much work has focused on the pronounced differences in memory for negative experiences, there is growing evidence that positive events may lead to more holistic, or integrated, memories. However, it is unclear whether these affect-driven changes in memory structure, which have been found in highly controlled laboratory environments, extend to real-world episodic memories. We ran experiments that assessed memory for experiences created in the laboratory (Experiment 1) and, using smartphones, memories for everyday experiences (Experiment 2). We complement these design innovations with a novel analysis approach to model memory accuracy and integration in both settings. Consistent with past findings, emotional events were subjectively remembered more strongly. These studies also revealed that features of more positive events were indeed more integrated within memory, both in the laboratory and the real world. These effects were specific to participants' emotional responses to the events during encoding rather than general emotional states at the time of retrieval, and reflected a general increase in integration between multiple memory features. Together, these results demonstrate robust differences in memory for positive events, introduce a novel measure of memory integration, and highlight the importance of assessing the impact of emotion on memory beyond the laboratory.
情感事件在我们的记忆中占据着特殊地位,其准确性和结构与中性经历的记忆有所不同。尽管许多研究聚焦于负面经历记忆中的显著差异,但越来越多的证据表明,积极事件可能会导致更全面、更整合的记忆。然而,在高度受控的实验室环境中发现的这些由情感驱动的记忆结构变化是否能扩展到现实世界的情景记忆尚不清楚。我们进行了实验,评估对实验室中创造的经历的记忆(实验1),并使用智能手机评估对日常经历的记忆(实验2)。我们用一种新颖的分析方法来补充这些设计创新,以模拟两种情境下的记忆准确性和整合度。与过去的研究结果一致,情感事件在主观上被记忆得更深刻。这些研究还表明,无论是在实验室还是现实世界中,更积极事件的特征在记忆中确实整合得更好。这些效应特定于参与者在编码过程中对事件的情感反应,而非检索时的一般情感状态,并且反映出多种记忆特征之间整合度的普遍提高。总之,这些结果证明了积极事件记忆中的显著差异,引入了一种记忆整合的新测量方法,并强调了在实验室之外评估情感对记忆影响的重要性。